Backdoors are methods of bypassing regular authentication while trying to keep undetected.
Backdoors typically try to gain full access onto remote computers and to perform various unauthorized actions.
Security protection can detect backdoors and annihilate them before they get access to secured areas of the computer.
There are also specialized tools that remove only certain types of backdoors and they are typically created when a large scale backdoor infection appears, so that users can be able to detect and quarantine specifically that threat.