Android NDK Changelog

What's new in Android NDK r25 LTS

Jul 29, 2022

Announcements:
Includes Android 13 APIs.
Updated LLVM to clang-r450784d, based on LLVM 14 development.

New in Android NDK r25 (Jul 14, 2022)

New in Android NDK r23c LTS (May 29, 2022)

New in Android NDK r25 Preview (Beta 3) (Apr 27, 2022)

New in Android NDK r25 Preview (beta 2) (Mar 18, 2022)

New in Android NDK r24 (Mar 18, 2022)

Changes:
Includes Android 12L APIs.
Updated LLVM to clang-r437112b, based on LLVM 14 development.
Issue 1590: Fix LLDB help crash.
Issue 1108: Removed mbstowcs and wcstombs from the pre-API 21 stubs and moved the implementation to libandroid_support to fix those APIs on old devices.
Issue 1299: Additional Apple M1 support:
Issue 1410: Fixed incorrect host tool directory identification in ndk-build on M1 macs.
Issue 1544: LLVM tools are now universal binaries.
Issue 1546: Make is now a universal binary.
Issue 1479: Added LOCAL_BRANCH_PROTECTION option to ndk-build for using -mbranch-protection with aarch64 without breaking other ABIs. Example use: LOCAL_BRANCH_PROTECTION := standard.
Issue 1492: Windows Make now works with -O, and ndk-build now uses it by default.
Issue 1559: Added LOCAL_ALLOW_MISSING_PREBUILT option to PREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY and PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY which defers failures for missing prebuilts to build time. This enables use cases within AGP where one module provides "pre" built libraries to another module.
Issue 1587: ndk-stack is now tolerant of unsorted zip infos.
Issue 1589: Fixed broken stack traces on API 29 devices when using a minSdkVersion of 29.
Issue 1593: Improved ndk-which to fall back to LLVM tools when the GNU names are used. For example, ndk-which strip will now return the path to llvm-strip instead of nothing.
Issue 1610: Fixed handling of ANDROID_NATIVE_API_LEVEL in the new CMake toolchain file.
Issue 1618: Corrected CMAKE_ANDROID_EXCEPTIONS behavior for the new CMake toolchain file.
Issue 1623: Fixed behavior of the legacy CMake toolchain file when used with new versions of CMake (incompatible -gcc-toolchain argument).
Issue 1656: The new CMake toolchain file now ignores ANDROID_ARM_MODE when it is passed for ABIs other than armeabi-v7a like the legacy toolchain file did. With CMake 3.22 it is an error to set CMAKE_ANDROID_ARM_MODE for other ABIs, so this fixes a potential incompatibility between the legacy and new toolchains when using CMake 3.22+.
Removed make-standalone-toolchain.sh. This was broken in a previous release and it was unnoticed, so it seems unused. make_standalone_toolchain.py remains, but neither has been needed since NDK r19 since the toolchain can be invoked directly.

New in Android NDK r23b LTS (Oct 27, 2021)

r23b:
Update LLVM to clang-r416183c1, based on LLVM 12 development.
Issue 1540: Fixed compiler crash when using coroutines.
Issue 1544: Now uses universal binaries for M1 Macs.
Issue 1551: Prevent each translation unit from receiving its own copy of emulated thread-local global variables.
Issue 1555: Fixed compiler crash for armeabi-v7a.
Issue 1492: ndk-build.cmd: Stop using make's -O (--output-sync) flag on Windows to avoid fcntl(): Bad file descriptor error.
Issue 1553: Updated sysroot to latest Android 12.
Issue 1569: Fixed -fno-integrated-as not being able to find the assembler.
CMake changes:
Issue 1536: Make optimization flags used with CMake more consistent. Historically thumb release builds used -Oz, but AGP switched to using RelWithDebInfo for release builds in the latest release which was not using -Oz. To reduce per-arch differences and behavior differences compared to CMake's defaults, -Oz use was removed. You may see code size increases for armeabi-v7a due to this, but also increased optimization. To restore the prior behavior, add -Oz to your cflags.
Issue 1560: Fixed pull-up of unsupported API levels when using the new CMake toolchain file. This affects CMake 3.21 and ANDROID_USE_LEGACY_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=ON use cases, and was the common case for AGP users with a minSdkVersion below 21.
Issue 1573: Fixed ANDROID_USE_LEGACY_TOOLCHAIN_FILE not being obeyed during CMake try-compile.
Issue 1581: Added workaround for CMake Issue 22647, which was causing MINGW to be incorrectly defined by CMake when building for Android on a Windows host. This only affected those using the Android toolchain file when CMake 3.21 or newer was used. This likely was not a regression for users not using the Android toolchain. The change will fix both use cases.
Changes:
Includes Android 12 APIs.
Updated LLVM to clang-r416183b, based on LLVM 12 development.
Issue 1047: Fixes crash when using ASan with the CFI unwinder.
Issue 1096: Includes support for Polly. Enable by adding -mllvm -polly to your cflags.
Issue 1230: LLVM's libunwind is now used instead of libgcc for all architectures rather than just 32-bit Arm.
Issue 1231: LLVM's libclang_rt.builtins is now used instead of libgcc.
Issue 1406: Fixes crash with Neon intrinsic.
Vulkan validation layer source and binaries are no longer shipped in the NDK. The latest are now posted directly to GitHub.
Vulkan tools source is also removed, specifically vulkan_wrapper. It should be downloaded upstream from GitHub.
The toolchain file (android.toolchain.cmake) is refactored to base on CMake's integrated Android support. This new toolchain file will be enabled by default for CMake 3.21 and newer. No user side change is expected. But if anything goes wrong, please file a bug and set ANDROID_USE_LEGACY_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=ON to restore the legacy behavior.
When using the new behavior (when using CMake 3.21+ and not explicitly selecting the legacy toolchain), default build flags may change. One of the primary goals was to reduce the behavior differences between our toolchain and CMake, and CMake's default flags do not always match the legacy toolchain file. Most notably, if using CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release, your optimization type will likely be -O3 instead of -O2 or -Oz. See Issue 1536 for more information.
Issue 929: find_library now prefers shared libraries from the sysroot over static libraries.
Issue 1390: ndk-build now warns when building a static executable with the wrong API level.
Issue 1452: NDK_ANALYZE=1 now sets APP_CLANG_TIDY=true rather than using scan-build. clang-tidy performs all the same checks by default, and scan-build was no longer working. See the bug for more details, but no user-side changes should be needed.

New in Android NDK r22b Stable (Mar 25, 2021)

r22b:
Issue 1377: Fix Clang backend crash in register scavenging.
Issue 1388: Fixed LLVM's incorrect conversion to list files for long command lines on Windows.
Issue 1391: Fixed missing symbols from libz.a.
Issue 1427: Fixed Clang auto-detection for CMake 3.19 and older for Windows.
Changes:
Updated LLVM to r399163b, based on LLVM 11 development.
Issue 829: Fixed issue with __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) symbols sometimes not being hidden.
Issue 1149: Fixed Clang crash with #pragma detect_mismatch.
Issue 1212: Fixed llvm-strip to match GNU behavior for removing file symbols.
Issue 1248: Fixed LLD Neon crash.
Issue 1303: Fixed Neon intrinsic optimizer crash.
Updated make to 4.3.
Updated libc++, libc++abi, and libunwind to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/52ec983895436089c5be0b0c4d967423db16045b.
Issue 609: std::filesystem support is now included. There are two known issues:
Issue 1258: std::filesystem::perm_options::nofollow may not be honored on old devices.
Issue 1260: std::filesystem::canonical will incorrectly succeed when passed a non-existent path on old devices.
Issue 843: llvm-strip is now used instead of strip to avoid breaking RelRO with LLD. Note that the Android Gradle Plugin performs its own stripping, so most users will need to upgrade to Android Gradle Plugin version 4.0 or newer to get the fix.
Issue 1130: Fixed undefined references to new that could occur when building for APIs prior to 21 and the static libc++. Note that LLD appears to have been unaffected, but the problem is still present for ndk-build when using the deprecated linkers.
Issue 1139: native_app_glue now hooks up the APP_CMD_WINDOW_RESIZED, APP_CMD_WINDOW_REDRAW_NEEDED, and APP_CMD_CONTENT_RECT_CHANGED messages.
Issue 1196: Backtraces for crashes on devices older than API 29 are now correct when using LLD if using ndk-build or the CMake toolchain file. If using a different system and targeting devices older than API 29, use -Wl,--no-rosegment when linking. See the Build System Maintainers Guide for more information.
The deprecated <NDK>/platforms and <NDK>/sysroot directories have been removed. These directories were merged and relocated into the toolchain during r19. The location of these contents should not be relevant to anyone, including build systems, since the toolchain handles them implicitly. If you are using a build system that hasn't adapted to the changes introduced in NDK r19, file a bug with your build system maintainer. See the Build System Maintainers Guide for information on using the NDK in your own build system.
llvm-ar is now used instead of ar.
Issue 1200: Fixed an issue with using dlclose with libraries using thread_local with non-trivial destructors and the static libc++.
The legacy libc++ linker scripts in <NDK>/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++ have been removed. The linkers scripts in the toolchain should be used instead as described by the Build System Maintainers Guide.
LLD is now used by default. If your build is not yet compatible with LLD, you can continue using the deprecated linkers, set APP_LD=deprecated for ndk-build, ANDROID_LD=deprecated for CMake, or use an explicit -fuse-ld=gold or -fuse-ld=bfd in your custom build system. If you encounter issues be sure to file a bug, because this will not be an option in a subsequent release.
Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy.
ndk-gdb now uses lldb as the debugger. gdb is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. To fall back to gdb, use --no-lldb option. But please file a bug explaining why you couldn't use lldb.

New in Android NDK Revision 22 Stable (Jan 28, 2021)

New in Android NDK Revision 21e LTS (Jan 28, 2021)

32-bit Windows is no longer supported. This does not affect the vast majority of users. If you do still need to build NDK apps from 32-bit versions of Windows, continue using NDK r20.
For more information on this change within Android Developer tools, see the blog post on the topic.
LLD is now available for testing. AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking. Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy.
The legacy toolchain install paths will be removed over the coming releases. These paths have been obsolete since NDK r19 and take up a considerable amount of space in the NDK. The paths being removed are: platforms, sources/cxx-stl, sysroot, toolchains (with the exception of toolchains/llvm)
In general this change should only affect build system maintainers, or those using build systems that are not up to date. ndk-build and the CMake toolchain users are unaffected, and neither are make_standalone_toolchain.py users (though that script has been unnecessary since r19). For information on migrating away from the legacy toolchain layout, see the Build System Maintainers Guide for the NDK version you're using.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
A macOS app bundle that is signed and notarized is now available for download from our wiki and our website. Note that because only bundles may use RPATHs and pass notarization, the traditional NDK package for macOS cannot be notarized. The SDK will continue to use the traditional package as the app bundle requires layout changes that would make it incompatible with Android Studio. The NDK is not quarantined when it is downloaded via the SDK manager, so is curently allowed by Gatekeeper. The SDK manager is currently the most reliable way to get the NDK for macOS.

New in Android NDK Revision 22 Beta 1 (Oct 29, 2020)

Announcements:
GNU binutils is deprecated and will be removed in an upcoming NDK release. Note that the GNU assembler (as) is a part of this. If you are building with -fno-integrated-as, file bugs if anything is preventing you from removing that flag.
LLD is now the default linker. ndk-build and our CMake toolchain file have also migrated to using llvm-ar and llvm-strip.
See the Changes section below for more information.
Changes:
Updated LLVM to r399163b, based on LLVM 11 development.
Issue 829: Fixed issue with __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) symbols sometimes not being hidden.
Issue 1149: Fixed Clang crash with #pragma detect_mismatch.
Issue 1212: Fixed llvm-strip to match GNU behavior for removing file symbols.
Issue 1248: Fixed LLD Neon crash.
Issue 1303: Fixed Neon intrinsic optimizer crash.
Updated make to 4.3.
Updated libc++, libc++abi, and libunwind to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/52ec983895436089c5be0b0c4d967423db16045b.
Issue 609: std::filesystem support is now included. There are two known issues: * Issue 1258: std::filesystem::perm_options::nofollow may not be honored on old devices. * Issue 1260: std::filesystem:canonical will incorrectly succeed when passed a non-existent path on old devices.
Issue 843: llvm-strip is now used instead of strip to avoid breaking RelRO with LLD. Note that the Android Gradle Plugin performs its own stripping, so most users will need to upgrade to Android Gradle Plugin version 4.0 or newer to get the fix.
Issue 1130: Fixed undefined references to new that could occur when building for APIs prior to 21 and the static libc++. Note that LLD appears to have been unaffected, but the problem is still present for ndk-build when using the deprecated linkers.
Issue 1139: native_app_glue now hooks up the APP_CMD_WINDOW_RESIZED, APP_CMD_WINDOW_REDRAW_NEEDED, and APP_CMD_CONTENT_RECT_CHANGED messages.
Issue 1196: Backtraces for crashes on devices older than API 29 are now correct when using LLD if using ndk-build or the CMake toolchain file. If using a different system and targeting devices older than API 29, use -Wl,--no-rosegment when linking. See the Build System Maintainers Guide for more information.
The deprecated <NDK>/platforms and <NDK>/sysroot directories have been removed. These directories were merged and relocated into the toolchain during r19. The location of these contents should not be relevant to anyone, including build systems, since the toolchain handles them implicitly. If you are using a build system that hasn't adapted to the changes introduced in NDK r19, file a bug with your build system maintainer. See the Build System Maintainers Guide for information on using the NDK in your own build system.
llvm-ar is now used instead of ar.
Issue 1200: Fixed an issue with using dlclose with libraries using thread_local with non-trivial destructors and the static libc++.
The legacy libc++ linker scripts in <NDK>/sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++ have been removed. The linkers scripts in the toolchain should be used instead as described by the Build System Maintainers Guide.
LLD is now used by default. If your build is not yet compatible with LLD, you can continue using the deprecated linkers, set APP_LD=deprecated for ndk-build, ANDROID_LD=deprecated for CMake, or use an explicit -fuse-ld=gold or -fuse-ld=bfd in your custom build system. If you encounter issues be sure to file a bug, because this will not be an option in a subsequent release.
Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy.
ndk-gdb now uses lldb as the debugger. gdb is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. To fall back to gdb, use --no-lldb option. But please file a bug explaining why you couldn't use lldb.

New in Android NDK Revision 21d (Jun 11, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21c (May 31, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21b (Apr 23, 2020)

r21b:
Fixed debugging processes containing Java with gdb. Cherrypicked "gdb: Don't fault for 'maint print psymbols' when using an index", which fixes a bug that caused gdb to fail when debugging a process with Java. Pure C/C++ executables were fine, but this effectively broke all app debugging. The error from gdb that confirms you were affected by this was gdb-8.3/gdb/psymtab.c:316: internal-error: sect_index_text not initialized.
Issue 1166: Rehid unwinder symbols all architectures.
Issue 1173: Fix gdb python symbol missing issue on Darwin.
Issue 1176: Fix strip failing with "File truncated" errors on Windows.
Issue 1178: Revert changes to stdatomic.h to maintain compatibility with C's _Atomic type qualifier. Note that the C++ standard will likely mandate this breakage in the future. See P0943R4 for more details.
Issue 1184: Fix Clang crash for x86_64.
Issue 1198: Fix incorrect constant folding of long doubles on Windows.
Issue 1201: Fixed issue in ndk-build that was causing APP_PLATFORM to be corrupted for API 30+ with LP64 ABIs.
Issue 1203: libc++ prebuilts and CRT objects are no longer built as Neon.
Issue 1205: Potential fixes for relocation out of range issues with LLD.
Issue 1206: LLD support for --fix-cortex-a8.
Changes:
Updated Clang and LLD to r365631.
Issue 855: LLD no longer hangs when using multithreaded linking on Windows.
Issue 884: Clang no longer passes -faddrsig by default.
Issue 859: Clang now default to using Neon for all 32-bit Android Arm targets.
If your minSdkVersion is 23 or higher, or if you were already enabling Neon manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon.
If you need to continue supporting these devices you can disable Neon explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without Neon to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.
Issue 1004: Fixed bug with bad line number information when building Arm64 with -O0.
Issue 1028: OpenMP is now available in both static and shared variants. Note that shared is the default behavior, but in prior NDK releases the static library would be used because there was no shared library. To keep the old behavior, link with -static-openmp.
Updated libc++ to r369764.
Updated make to 4.2.1.
Modified ndk-build to supply -O for more readable errors with parallel builds.
abspath now works properly with Windows drive letters, so if you're using the workaround similar to what's found in the NDK samples, you'll need to either drop the workaround or make sure it's only used prior to r21.
Updated glibc to 2.17.
Updated gdb to 8.3.
Issue 885: For LLD+LLDB compatibility, the NDK build systems now pass -Wl,--build-id=sha1 instead of -Wl,--build-id when using LLD. Note that the CMake toolchain does not have access to flags set in CMakeLists.txt, so using an explicit -fuse-ld=lld instead of ANDROID_LD=lld will produce output that cannot be debugged with Android Studio. Third-party build systems need to apply the workaround manually. For more details, see the Build System Maintainers Guide.
Fixed ndk-build to use Clang's default C++ standard version (currently C++14) when using libc++.
Removed the cxx-stl/system module from ndk-build. The system STL is still available (for now, see Issue 744); only an implementation detail has been removed. If you were explicitly linking libstdc++ or importing cxx-stl/system, remove that and ensure that APP_STL is set to system instead.
Issue 976: ndk-build and the CMake toolchain file now enable _FORTIFY_SOURCE by default. See FORTIFY in Android for more details.
Added NDK_GRADLE_INJECTED_IMPORT_PATH support to ndk-build. This is to support import of dependencies from AAR dependencies. See Issue 916 for more information.
Added NDK_MAJOR, NDK_MINOR, NDK_BETA, NDK_CANARY, and ndk-major-at-least APIs to ndk-build. These can be used to check what version of the NDK you are using from within ndk-build (CMake already has equivalent APIs). The first three are integers, NDK_CANARY is either true or false, and ndk-major-at-least is a function that takes a single integer. For example, to check if your build is being performed with NDK r21 or newer:
This check works even on pre-r21 NDKs. The function is undefined pre-r21,
and calling an undefined function in make returns the empty string, which
is not equal to "true", so the else branch will be taken.
ifeq ($(call ndk-major-at-least,21),true)
Using at least NDK r21.
else
Using something earlier than r21.
endif
Note that because this API was not available before r21, it cannot be used to determine which NDK version earlier than 21 is being used.
Issue 1092: Fixed hiding of unwinder symbols in outputs of ndk-build and CMake. Maintainers of third-party build systems should apply similar fixes when using NDK r19 and above to guard against possible future compatibility issues.

New in Android NDK Revision 21 (Jan 15, 2020)

Announcements:
32-bit Windows is no longer supported. This does not affect the vast majority of users. If you do still need to build NDK apps from 32-bit versions of Windows, continue using NDK r20.
For more information on this change within Android Developer tools, see the blog post on the topic.
LLD is now available for testing. AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking. Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy.
The legacy toolchain install paths will be removed before the next LTS release (likely in r22). These paths have been obsolete since NDK r19 and take up a considerable amount of space in the NDK. The paths being removed are:
platforms
sources/cxx-stl
sysroot
toolchains (with the exception of toolchains/llvm)
In general this change should only affect build system maintainers, or those using build systems that are not up to date. ndk-build and the CMake toolchain users are unaffected, and neither are make_standalone_toolchain.py users (though that script has been unnecessary since r19).
For information on migrating away from the legacy toolchain layout, see the Build System Maintainers Guide for the NDK version you're using.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Changes:
Updated Clang and LLD to r365631.
Issue 855LLD no longer hangs when using multithreaded linking on Windows.
Issue 884Clang no longer passes -faddrsig by default.
Issue 859Clang now default to using Neon for all 32-bit Android Arm targets.
If your minSdkVersion is 23 or higher, or if you were already enabling Neon manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon.
If you need to continue supporting these devices you can disable Neon explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without Neon to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.
Issue 1004Fixed bug with bad line number information when building Arm64 with -O0.
Issue 1028OpenMP is now available in both static and shared variants. Note that shared is the default behavior, but in prior NDK releases the static library would be used because there was no shared library. To keep the old behavior, link with -static-openmp.
Updated libc++ to r369764.
Updated make to 4.2.1.
Modified ndk-build to supply -O for more readable errors with parallel builds.
abspath now works properly with Windows drive letters, so if you're using the workaround similar to what's found in the NDK samples, you'll need to either drop the workaround or make sure it's only used prior to r21.
Updated glibc to 2.17.
Updated gdb to 8.3.
Issue 885For LLD+LLDB compatibility, the NDK build systems now pass -Wl,--build-id=sha1 instead of -Wl,--build-id when using LLD. Note that the CMake toolchain does not have access to flags set in CMakeLists.txt, so using an explicit -fuse-ld=lld instead of ANDROID_LD=lld will produce output that cannot be debugged with Android Studio. Third-party build systems need to apply the workaround manually. For more details, see the Build System Maintainers Guide.
Fixed ndk-build to use Clang's default C++ standard version (currently C++14) when using libc++.
Removed the cxx-stl/system module from ndk-build. The system STL is still available (for now, see Issue 744); only an implementation detail has been removed. If you were explicitly linking libstdc++ or importing cxx-stl/system, remove that and ensure that APP_STL is set to system instead.
Issue 976ndk-build and the CMake toolchain file now enable _FORTIFY_SOURCE by default. See FORTIFY in Android for more details.
Added NDK_GRADLE_INJECTED_IMPORT_PATH support to ndk-build. This is to support import of dependencies from AAR dependencies. See Issue 916 for more information.
Added NDK_MAJOR, NDK_MINOR, NDK_BETA, NDK_CANARY, and ndk-major-at-least APIs to ndk-build. These can be used to check what version of the NDK you are using from within ndk-build (CMake already has equivalent APIs). The first three are integers, NDK_CANARY is either true or false, and ndk-major-at-least is a function that takes a single integer. For example, to check if your build is being performed with NDK r21 or newer:
This check works even on pre-r21 NDKs. The function is undefined pre-r21,
and calling an undefined function in make returns the empty string, which
is not equal to "true", so the else branch will be taken.
ifeq ($(call ndk-major-at-least,21),true)
Using at least NDK r21.
else
Using something earlier than r21.
endif
Note that because this API was not available before r21, it cannot be used to determine which NDK version earlier than 21 is being used.
Issue 1092Fixed hiding of unwinder symbols in outputs of ndk-build and CMake. Maintainers of third-party build systems should apply similar fixes when using NDK r19 and above to guard against possible future compatibility issues.

New in Android NDK Revision 21 Beta 2 (Nov 22, 2019)

Changes:
Updated Clang and LLD to r365631.
Issue 855: LLD no longer hangs when using multithreaded linking on Windows.
Issue 884: Clang no longer passes -faddrsig by default.
Issue 859: Clang now default to using Neon for all 32-bit Android Arm targets.
If your minSdkVersion is 23 or higher, or if you were already enabling Neon manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon.
If you need to continue supporting these devices you can disable Neon explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without Neon to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.
Issue 1004: Fixed bug with bad line number information when building Arm64 with -O0.
Issue 1028: OpenMP is now available in both static and shared variants. Note that shared is the default behavior, but in prior NDK releases the static library would be used because there was no shared library. To keep the old behavior, link with -static-openmp.
Updated libc++ to r369764.
Updated make to 4.2.1.
Modified ndk-build to supply -O for more readable errors with parallel builds.
abspath now works properly with Windows drive letters, so if you're using the workaround similar to what's found in the NDK samples, you'll need to either drop the workaround or make sure it's only used prior to r21.
Updated glibc to 2.17.
Updated gdb to 8.3.
Issue 885: For LLD+LLDB compatibility, the NDK build systems now pass -Wl,--build-id=sha1 instead of -Wl,--build-id when using LLD. Note that the CMake toolchain does not have access to flags set in CMakeLists.txt, so using an explicit -fuse-ld=lld instead of ANDROID_LD=lld will produce output that cannot be debugged with Android Studio. Third-party build systems need to apply the workaround manually. For more details, see the Build System Maintainers Guide.
Fixed ndk-build to use Clang's default C++ standard version (currently C++14) when using libc++.
Removed the cxx-stl/system module from ndk-build. The system STL is still available (for now, see Issue 744); only an implementation detail has been removed. If you were explicitly linking libstdc++ or importing cxx-stl/system, remove that and ensure that APP_STL is set to system instead.
Issue 976: ndk-build and the CMake toolchain file now enable _FORTIFY_SOURCE by default. See FORTIFY in Android for more details.
Added NDK_GRADLE_INJECTED_IMPORT_PATH support to ndk-build. This is to support import of dependencies from AAR dependencies. See Issue 916 for more information.
Added NDK_MAJOR, NDK_MINOR, NDK_BETA, NDK_CANARY, and ndk-major-at-least APIs to ndk-build. These can be used to check what version of the NDK you are using from within ndk-build (CMake already has equivalent APIs). The first three are integers, NDK_CANARY is either true or false, and ndk-major-at-least is a function that takes a single integer. For example, to check if your build is being performed with NDK r21 or newer:
This check works even on pre-r21 NDKs. The function is undefined pre-r21,
and calling an undefined function in make returns the empty string, which
is not equal to "true", so the else branch will be taken.
ifeq ($(call ndk-major-at-least,21),true)
Using at least NDK r21.
else
Using something earlier than r21.
endif
Note that because this API was not available before r21, it cannot be used to determine which NDK version earlier than 21 is being used.
Issue 1092: Fixed hiding of unwinder symbols in outputs of ndk-build and CMake. Maintainers of third-party build systems should apply similar fixes when using NDK r19 and above to guard against possible future compatibility issues.

New in Android NDK Revision 20b (Nov 7, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 21 Beta 1 (Oct 23, 2019)

Announcements:
bit Windows is no longer supported. This does not affect the vast majority of users. If you do still need to build NDK apps from 32-bit versions of Windows, continue using NDK r20.
For more information on this change within Android Developer tools, see the blog post on the topic.
LLD is now available for testing. AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking. Note that Issue 843 will affect builds using LLD with binutils strip and objcopy as opposed to llvm-strip and llvm-objcopy.
Changes:
Updated Clang and LLD to r365631.
Issue 855: LLD no longer hangs when using multithreaded linking on Windows.
Issue 884: Clang no longer passes -faddrsig by default.
Issue 859: Clang now default to using Neon for all 32-bit Android Arm targets.
If your minSdkVersion is 23 or higher, or if you were already enabling Neon manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon.
If you need to continue supporting these devices you can disable Neon explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without Neon to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.
Issue 1004: Fixed bug with bad line number information when building Arm64 with -O0.
Issue 1028: OpenMP is now available in both static and shared variants. Note that shared is the default behavior, but in prior NDK releases the static library would be used because there was no shared library. To keep the old behavior, link with -static-openmp.
Updated libc++ to r369764.
Updated make to 4.2.1.
Modified ndk-build to supply -O for more readable errors with parallel builds.
Updated glibc to 2.17.
Updated gdb to 8.3.
Issue 885: For LLD+LLDB compatibility, the NDK build systems now pass -Wl,--build-id=sha1 instead of -Wl,--build-id. Third-party build systems need to apply the workaround manually. For more details, see the Build System Maintainers Guide.
Fixed ndk-build to use Clang's default C++ standard version (currently C++14) when using libc++.
Removed the cxx-stl/system module from ndk-build. The system STL is still available (for now, see Issue 744); only an implementation detail has been removed. If you were explicitly linking libstdc++ or importing cxx-stl/system, remove that and ensure that APP_STL is set to system instead.
Issue 976: ndk-build and the CMake toolchain file now enable _FORTIFY_SOURCE by default. See FORTIFY in Android for more details.
Added NDK_GRADLE_INJECTED_IMPORT_PATH support to ndk-build. This is to support import of dependencies from AAR dependencies. See Issue 916 for more information.
Added NDK_MAJOR, NDK_MINOR, NDK_BETA, NDK_CANARY, and ndk-major-at-least APIs to ndk-build. These can be used to check what version of the NDK you are using from within ndk-build (CMake already has equivalent APIs). The first three are integers, NDK_CANARY is either true or false, and ndk-major-at-least is a function that takes a single integer. For example, to check if your build is being performed with NDK r21 or newer:
ifeq ($(call ndk-major-at-least,21),true)
Using at least NDK r21.
else
Using something earlier than r21.
endif
Note that because this API was not available before r21, it cannot be used to determine which NDK version earlier than 21 is being used, so this API is of limited use today. Also note that the above code will behave correctly even on pre-r21 because calling an undefined function in make returns the empty string, so the else case will be taken.
Issue 1092: Fixed hiding of unwinder symbols in outputs of ndk-build and CMake. Maintainers of third-party build systems should apply similar fixes when using NDK r19 and above to guard against possible future compatibility issues.

New in Android NDK Revision 20 (Jun 6, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 20 Beta 3 (May 8, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 19c (Mar 15, 2019)

Developers should begin testing their apps with LLD. AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will use it by default in the next release. BFD and Gold will be removed once LLD has been through a release cycle with no major unresolved issues (estimated r21). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking. Note: lld does not currently support compressed symbols on Windows. Issue 888. Clang also cannot generate compressed symbols on Windows, but this can be a problem when using artifacts built from Darwin or Linux.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Issue 780: Standalone toolchains are now unnecessary. Clang, binutils, the sysroot, and other toolchain pieces are now all installed to $NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/<host-tag> and Clang will automatically find them.
Instead of creating a standalone toolchain for API 26 ARM, instead invoke the compiler directly from the NDK:
$ $NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt//bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi26-clang++ src.cpp
For r19 the toolchain is also installed to the old path to give build systems a chance to adapt to the new layout. The old paths will be removed in r20. The make_standalone_toolchain.py script will not be removed. It is now unnecessary and will emit a warning with the above information, but the script will remain to preserve existing workflows. If you're using ndk-build, CMake, or a standalone toolchain, there should be no change to your workflow. This change is meaningful for maintainers of third-party build systems, who should now be able to delete some Android-specific code. For more information, see the Build System Maintainers guide.
ndk-depends has been removed. We believe that ReLinker is a better solution to native library loading issues on old Android versions.
Issue 862: The GCC wrapper scripts which redirected to Clang have been removed, as they are not functional enough to be drop in replacements.

New in Android NDK Revision 19b (Feb 15, 2019)

Developers should begin testing their apps with LLD. AOSP has switched to using LLD by default and the NDK will use it by default in the next release. BFD and Gold will be removed once LLD has been through a release cycle with no major unresolved issues (estimated r21). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking. Note: lld does not currently support compressed symbols on Windows. Issue 888. Clang also cannot generate compressed symbols on Windows, but this can be a problem when using artifacts built from Darwin or Linux.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Issue 780: Standalone toolchains are now unnecessary. Clang, binutils, the sysroot, and other toolchain pieces are now all installed to $NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/<host-tag> and Clang will automatically find them. Instead of creating a standalone toolchain for API 26 ARM, instead invoke the compiler directly from the NDK:
$ $NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt//bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi26-clang++ src.cpp
For r19 the toolchain is also installed to the old path to give build systems a chance to adapt to the new layout. The old paths will be removed in r20. The make_standalone_toolchain.py script will not be removed. It is now unnecessary and will emit a warning with the above information, but the script will remain to preserve existing workflows. If you're using ndk-build, CMake, or a standalone toolchain, there should be no change to your workflow. This change is meaningful for maintainers of third-party build systems, who should now be able to delete some Android-specific code. For more information, see the Build System Maintainers guide.
ndk-depends has been removed. We believe that ReLinker is a better solution to native library loading issues on old Android versions.
Issue 862: The GCC wrapper scripts which redirected to Clang have been removed, as they are not functional enough to be drop in replacements.

New in Android NDK Revision 18b (Oct 15, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 18 (Sep 20, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 18 Beta2 (Aug 23, 2018)

Changes:
Updated Clang to build 4751641, based on r328903.
With Issue 573 fixed, -Oz is now the default optimization mode for thumb.
Updated libc++ to revision r334917.
Added support for clang-tidy to ndk-build.
Enable application-wide with APP_CLANG_TIDY := true, or per-module with LOCAL_CLANG_TIDY := true.
Pass specific clang-tidy flags such as -checks with APP_CLANG_TIDY_FLAGS or LOCAL_CLANG_TIDY_FLAGS.
As usual, module settings override application settings.
By default no flags are passed to clang-tidy, so only the checks enabled by default in clang-tidy will be enabled. View the default list with clang-tidy -list-checks.
By default clang-tidy warnings are not errors. This behavior can be changed with -warnings-as-errors=*.
ndk-build can now generate a JSON Compilation Database.
Generate with either ndk-build compile_commands.json (does not build) or ndk-build GEN_COMPILE_COMMANDS_DB=true (builds and generates database).
Issue 490: ndk-build and CMake now default to using NEON for ARM when targeting android-23 (Marshmallow) or newer.
If your minSdkVersion is below 23 or if you were already enabling NEON manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon and new devices were not allowed to ship without it beginning in Marshmallow, but older devices that did not support NEON may have been upgraded to Marshmallow.
If you need to continue supporting these devices and have a minSdkVersion of 23 or higher, you can disable NEON explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without NEON to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.
Added APP_STRIP_MODE and LOCAL_STRIP_MODE to ndk-build.
Allows the user to specify the strip mode used for their modules.
The option is passed directly to the strip command. See the strip documentation for details.
If set to "none", strip will not be run.
Defaults to "--strip-unneeded". This is the same behavior as previous NDKs.
LOCAL_STRIP_MODE always overrides APP_STRIP_MODE when set.
Issue 749: The libc++_shared.so in the NDK is no longer stripped of debug info. Debugging libc++ is now possible. Gradle will still strip the library before packaging it in an APK.

New in Android NDK Revision 18 Beta1 (Jul 30, 2018)

Announcements:
GCC has been removed.
LLD is now available for testing. AOSP is in the process of switching to using LLD by default and the NDK will follow (timeline unknown). Test LLD in your app by passing -fuse-ld=lld when linking.
gnustl, gabi++, and stlport have been removed.
Support for ICS (android-14 and android-15) has been removed. Apps using executables no longer need to provide both a PIE and non-PIE executable.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes. For more information, see this blog post.
Changes:
Updated Clang to build 4751641, based on r328903.
With Issue 573 fixed, -Oz is now the default optimization mode for thumb.
Updated libc++ to revision r334917.
Added support for clang-tidy to ndk-build.
Enable application-wide with APP_CLANG_TIDY := true, or per-module with LOCAL_CLANG_TIDY := true.
Pass specific clang-tidy flags such as -checks with APP_CLANG_TIDY_FLAGS or LOCAL_CLANG_TIDY_FLAGS.
As usual, module settings override application settings.
By default no flags are passed to clang-tidy, so only the checks enabled by default in clang-tidy will be enabled. View the default list with clang-tidy -list-checks.
By default clang-tidy warnings are not errors. This behavior can be changed with -warnings-as-errors=*.
Issue 490: ndk-build and CMake now default to using NEON for ARM when targeting android-23 (Marshmallow) or newer.
If your minSdkVersion is below 23 or if you were already enabling NEON manually, this change does not affect you.
CPUs that do not support this feature are uncommon and new devices were not allowed to ship without it beginning in Marshmallow, but older devices that did not support NEON may have been upgraded to Marshmallow.
If you need to continue supporting these devices and have a minSdkVersion of 23 or higher, you can disable NEON explicitly by setting LOCAL_ARM_NEON := false in ndk-build or passing -DANDROID_ARM_NEON=false to CMake.
Alternatively, use the Play Console to blacklist CPUs without NEON to disallow your app from being installed on those devices.

New in Android NDK Revision 17 Beta 2 (Apr 17, 2018)

ANNOUNCEMENTS:
GCC is no longer supported. It will be removed in NDK r18.
libc++ is now the default STL for CMake and standalone toolchains. If you manually selected a different STL, we strongly encourage you to move to libc++. Note that ndk-build still defaults to no STL.
gnustl and stlport are deprecated and will be removed in NDK r18.
Support for ARMv5 (armeabi), MIPS, and MIPS64 has been removed. Attempting to build any of these ABIs will result in an error.
Support for ICS (android-14 and android-15) will be removed from r18.
The Play Store will require 64-bit support when uploading an APK beginning in August 2019. Start porting now to avoid surprises when the time comes.
CHANGES:
Updated gtest to upstream revision 0fe96607d85cf3a25ac40da369db62bbee2939a5.
Issue 540: ndk-build now installs sanitizer runtime libraries to your out directory for inclusion in your APK. Coupled with wrap.sh, this removes the requirement of rooting your device to use sanitizers.
When using ASAN, ndk-build will install a wrap.sh file to set up ASAN for your app if you have not specified your own wrap.sh. If you have specified your own wrap.sh, you can add ASAN support to it as described here.
Issue 614: ndk-build and CMake no longer pass -fno-integrated-as for arm32 by default. If your project contains hand written assembly, you may need to pass this flag.
Updated Clang to build 4691093, based on r316199:
Issue 313: LTO now works on Windows.
Issue 527: Undefined Behavior Sanitizer now works for NDK binaries.
Issue 593: Clang now automatically passes --eh-frame-hdr to the linker even for static executables, fixing exception handling.
libandroid_support is no longer used when your NDK API level is greater than or equal to 21 (Lollipop). Build system maintainers: be sure to update your build systems to account for this.
The platform static libraries (libc.a, libm.a, etc.) have been updated:
All NDK platforms now contain a modern version of these static libraries. Previously they were all Gingerbread (perhaps even older) or Lollipop.
Prior NDKs could not use the static libraries with a modern NDK API level because of symbol collisions between libc.a and libandroid_support. This has been solved by removing libandroid_support for modern API levels. A side effect of this is that you must now target at least android-21 to use the static libraries, but these binaries will still work on older devices.
Fixed parsing of the NDK revision in CMake. NDK version information is now available in the following CMake variables:
ANDROID_NDK_REVISION: The full string in the source.properties file.
ANDROID_NDK_MAJOR: The major revision of the NDK. For example: the 16 in r16b.
ANDROID_NDK_MINOR: The minor revision of the NDK. For example: the b (represented as 1) in r16b.
ANDROID_NDK_BUILD: The build number of the NDK. This is 0 in the case of a local development build.
ANDROID_NDK_BETA: The beta version of the NDK. This is 0 for a stable release.
Added support for APP_WRAP_SH to ndk-build:
This variable points to a shell script (relative to your Android.mk) that will be installed as a wrap.sh file in your APK.
Available in both an ABI-generic form (APP_WRAP_SH), which will install a single script for every ABI, and an ABI-specific form (APP_WRAP_SH_arm64-v8a, etc) to allow for per-ABI customization of the wrap.sh script.

New in Android NDK Revision 17 Beta 1 (Mar 9, 2018)

Updated Clang to build 4639204:
Issue 313: LTO now works on Windows
Issue 527: Undefined Behavior Sanitizer now works for NDK binaries
Issue 593: Clang now automatically passes --eh-frame-hdr to the linker even for static executables, fixing exception handling
Updated gtest to upstream revision 0fe96607d85cf3a25ac40da369db62bbee2939a5.
libandroid_support is no longer used when your NDK API level is greater than or equal to 21 (Lollipop). Build system maintainers: be sure to update your build systems to account for this.
The platform static libraries (libc.a, libm.a, etc.) have been updated:
All NDK platforms now contain a modern version of these static libraries. Previously they were all Gingerbread (perhaps even older) or Lollipop.
Prior NDKs could not use the static libraries with a modern NDK API level because of symbol collisions between libc.a and libandroid_support. This has been solved by removing libandroid_support for modern API levels. A side effect of this is that you must now target at least android-21 to use the static libraries, but these binaries will still work on older devices.
Fixed parsing of the NDK revision in CMake. NDK version information is now available in the following CMake variables:
ANDROID_NDK_REVISION: The full string in the source.properties file.
ANDROID_NDK_MAJOR: The major revision of the NDK. For example: the 16 in r16b.
ANDROID_NDK_MINOR: The minor revision of the NDK. For example: the b (represented as 1) in r16b.
ANDROID_NDK_BUILD: The build number of the NDK. This is 0 in the case of a local development build.
ANDROID_NDK_BETA: The beta version of the NDK. This is 0 for a stable release.
Added support for APP_WRAP_SH to ndk-build.:
This variable points to a shell script (relative to your Android.mk) that will be installed as a wrap.sh file in your APK.
Available in both an ABI-generic form (APP_WRAP_SH), which will install a single script for every ABI, and an ABI-specific form (APP_WRAP_SH_arm64-v8a, etc) to allow for per-ABI customization of the wrap.sh script.
Issue 540: ndk-build now installs sanitizer runtime libraries to your out directory for inclusion in your APK. Coupled with wrap.sh, this removes the requirement of rooting your device to use sanitizers.
When using ASAN, ndk-build will install a wrap.sh file to set up ASAN for your app if you have not specified your own wrap.sh. If you have specified your own wrap.sh, you can add ASAN support to it as described here.
Issue 614: ndk-build and CMake no longer pass -fno-integrated-as for arm32 by default. If your project contains hand written assembly, you may need to pass this flag.

New in Android NDK Revision 16b (Dec 7, 2017)

Announcements:
The deprecated headers have been removed. Unified Headers are now simply The Headers.
For migration tips, see Unified Headers Migration Notes.
GCC is no longer supported. It will not be removed from the NDK just yet, but is no longer receiving backports. It cannot be removed until after libc++ has become stable enough to be the default, as some parts of gnustl are still incompatible with Clang. It will be removed when the other STLs are removed in r18.
libc++ is out of beta and is now the preferred STL in the NDK. Starting in r17, libc++ is the default STL for CMake and standalone toolchains. If you manually selected a different STL, we strongly encourage you to move to libc++. For more details, see this blog post.
Support for ARMv5 (armeabi), MIPS, and MIPS64 are deprecated. They will no longer build by default with ndk-build, but are still buildable if they are explicitly named, and will be included by “all”, “all32”, and “all64”. Support for each of these has been removed in r17.
Both CMake and ndk-build will issue a warning if you target any of these ABIs.
r16b:
Issue 573: Revert the switch to -Oz by default.
NDK:
ndk-build and CMake now link libatomic by default. Manually adding -latomic to your ldflags should no longer be necessary.
Clang static analyzer support for ndk-build has been fixed to work with Clang as a compiler. See https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/362.
Clang now defaults to -Oz instead of -Os. This should reduce generated code size increases compared to GCC.
GCC no longer uses -Bsymbolic by default. This allows symbol preemption as specified by the C++ standard and as required by ASAN. For libraries with large numbers of public symbols, this may increase the size of your binaries.
Updated binutils to version 2.27. This includes the fix for miscompiles for aarch64: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21491.
Improved compatibility between our CMake toolchain file and newer CMake versions. The NDK‘s CMake toolchain file now completely supercedes CMake’s built-in NDK support.
ndk-stack now works for arm64 on Darwin.
libc++:
libandroid_support now contains only APIs needed for supporting libc++ on old devices. See https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/300.
APIs:
Added native APIs for Android O MR1.
Neural Networks API
JNI Shared Memory API

New in Android NDK Revision 15b (Jun 26, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 15 Beta 2 (May 19, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 14b (May 19, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 13 (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 12b (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 12 (Oct 8, 2016)

Announcements:
The ndk-build command will default to using Clang in an upcoming release. GCC will be removed in a later release.
The make-standalone-toolchain.sh script will be removed in an upcoming release. If you use this script, please plan to migrate to the make_standalone_toolchain.py as soon as possible.
NDK:
Removed support for the armeabi-v7a-hard ABI. See the explanation in the documentation.
Removed all sysroots for platform levels prior to Android 2.3 (API level 9). We dropped support for them in NDK r11, but neglected to actually remove them.
Updated exception handling when using c++_shared on ARM32 so that it mostly works (see Known Issues). The unwinder is now linked into each linked object rather than into libc++ itself.
Pruned the default compiler flags (NDK Issue 27). You can see details of this update in Change 207721.
Added a Python implementation of standalone toolchains in build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py. On Windows, you no longer need Cygwin to use this feature. Note that the bash flavor will be removed in an upcoming release, so please test the new one now.
Configured Clang debug builds to have the -fno-limit-debug-info option is enabled by default. This change enables better debugging with LLDB.
Enabled the --build-id as a default option. This option causes an identifier to be shown in native crash reports so you can easily identify which version of your code was running.
Fixed issue with NDK_USE_CYGPATH so that it no longer causes problems with libgcc (Issue 195486).
Enabled the following options as default: -Wl,--warn-shared-textrel and -Wl,--fatal-warnings. If you have shared text relocations, your app does not load on Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher. Note that this configuration has never been allowed for 64-bit apps.
Fixed a few issues so that precompiled headers work better (NDK Issue 14, NDK Issue 16).
Removed unreachable ARM (non-thumb) STL libraries.
Added Vulkan support to android-24.
Added Choreographer API to android-24.
Added libcamera2 APIs for devices that support the INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LIMITED feature level or higher. For more information, see the CameraCharacteristics reference.
Clang:
Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r256229, build 2812033). Note that Clang packaged in the Windows 64-bit NDK is actually 32-bit.
Fixed __thread so that it works for real this time.
GCC:
Synchronized the compiler with the ChromeOS GCC @ google/gcc-4_9 r227810.
Backported coverage sanitizer patch from ToT (r231296).
Fixed libatomic to not use ifuncs (NDK Issue 31).
Binutils:
Silenced the "Erratum 843419 found and fixed" info messages.
Introduced option --long-plt to fix an internal linker error when linking huge arm32 binaries.
Fixed wrong run time stubs for AArch64. This problem was causing jump addresses to be calculated incorrectly for very large dynamic shared objects (DSOs).
Introduced default option --no-apply-dynamic to work around a dynamic linker bug for earlier Android releases.
Fixed a known issue with NDK r11 where dynamic_cast was not working with Clang, x86, stlport_static and optimization.
GDB:
Updated to GDB version 7.11. For more information about this release, see GDB News.
Fixed a number of bugs in the ndk-gdb.py script.

New in Android NDK Revision 11c (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 11b (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 11 (Oct 8, 2016)

CLANG:
Important announcements:
We strongly recommend switching to Clang.
If you experience problems with Clang, file bugs here for issues specific to Clang in the NDK. For more general Clang issues, file bugs by following the instructions on this page.
Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r243773, build 2481030).
This version is a nearly pure upstream Clang.
The Windows 64-bit downloadable NDK package contains a 32-bit version of Clang.
Additions:
Clang now provides support for emulated TLS.
The compiler now supports __thread by emulating ELF TLS with pthread thread-specific data.
C++11 thread_local works in some cases, but not for data with non-trivial destructors, because those cases require support from libc. This limitation does not apply when running on Android 6.0 (API level 23) or newer.
Emulated TLS does not yet work with Aarch64 when TLS variables are accessed from a shared library.
GCC:
Important announcements:
GCC in the NDK is now deprecated in favor of Clang.
The NDK will neither be upgrading to 5.x, nor accept non-critical backports.
Maintenance for miscompiles and internal compiler errors in 4.9 will be handled on a case by case basis.
Removals:
Removed GCC 4.8. All targets now use GCC 4.9.
Other changes:
Synchronized google/gcc-4_9 to r224707. Previously, it had been synchronized with r214835.
NDK:
Important announcements:
The samples are no longer included in the NDK package. They are instead available on GitHub.
The documentation is no longer included in the NDK package. Instead, it is on the Android developer website.
Additions:
Added a native tracing API to android-23.
Added a native multinetwork API to android-23.
Enabled libc, m, and dl to provide versioned symbols, starting from API level 21.
Added Vulkan headers and library to API level N.
Removals:
Removed support for _WCHAR_IS_8BIT.
Removed sed.
Removed mclinker.
Removed Perl.
Removed from all versions of NDK libc, m, and dl all symbols which the platform versions of those libs do not support.
Partially removed support for mips64r2. The rest will be removed in the future.
Other changes:
Changed ARM standalone toolchains to default to arm7.
You can restore the old behavior by passing specifying the -target option as armv5te-linux-androideabi.
Changed the build system to use -isystem for platform includes.
Warnings that bionic causes no longer break app builds.
Fixed a segfault that occurred when a binary threw exceptions via gabi++. (Issue 179410)
Changed libc++’s inline namespace to std::__ndk1 to prevent ODR issues with platform libc++.
All libc++ libraries are now built with libc++abi.
Bumped default APP_PLATFORM to Gingerbread.
Expect support for Froyo and older to be dropped in a future release.
Updated gabi++ _Unwind_Exception struct for 64 bits.
Added the following capabilities to cpufeatures:
Detect SSE4.1 and SSE4.2.
Detect cpu features on x86_64.
Updated libc++abi to upstream r231075.
Updated byteswap.h, endian.h, sys/procfs.h, sys/ucontext.h, sys/user.h, and uchar.h from ToT Bionic.
Synchronized sys/cdefs.h across all API levels.
Fixed fegetenv and fesetenv for arm.
Fix end pointer size/alignment of crtend_* for mips64 and x86_64.
BINUTILS:
Additions:
Added a new option: --pic-veneer.
Removals:
The 32-bit Windows package no longer contains ld.gold. You can instead get ld.gold from the 64-bit Windows package.
Changes:
Unified binutils source between Android and ChromiumOS. For more information on this change, see the comments here.
Improved reliability of Gold for aarch64. Use -fuse-ld=gold at link time to use gold instead of bfd. The default will likely switch in the next release.
Improved linking time for huge binaries for Gold ARM back end (up to 50% linking time reduction for debuggable Chrome Browser).
GDB:
Removals:
Removed ndk-gdb in favor of ndk-gdb.py.
Changes:
Updated gdb to version 7.10.
Improved performance.
Improved error messages.
Fixed relative project paths.
Stopped Ctrl-C from killing the backgrounded gdbserver.
Improved Windows support.
YASM:
Updated YASM to version 1.3.0.

New in Android NDK Revision 10e (May 15, 2015)

Important changes:
Integrated the workaround for Cortex-A53 Erratum 843419 into the aarch64-linux-android-4.9 linker. For more information on this workaround, see Workaround for cortex-a53 erratum 843419.
Added Clang 3.6; NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang now picks that version of Clang by default.
Removed Clang 3.4.
Removed GCC 4.6.
Implemented multithreading support in ld.gold for all architectures. It can now link with or without support for multithreading; the default is to do it without.
To compile with multithreading, use the --threads option.
To compile without multithreading, use the --no-threads option.
Upgraded GDB/gdbserver to 7.7 for all architectures.
Removed the NDK package for 32-bit Darwin.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed a crash that occurred when there were OpenMP loops outside of the main thread.
Fixed a GCC 4.9 internal compiler error (ICE) that occured when the user declared #pragma GCC optimize ("O0"), but had a different level of optimization specified on the command line. The pragma takes precedence.
Fixed an error that used to produce a crash with the following error message: in add_stores, at var-tracking.c:6000
Implemented a workaround for a Clang 3.5 issue in which LLVM auto-vectorization generates llvm.cttz.v2i64(), an instruction with no counterpart in the ARM instruction set.
Other bug fixes:
Made the following header and library fixes
Fixed PROPERTY_* in media/NdkMediaDrm.h.
Fixed sys/ucontext.h for mips64.
Dropped the Clang version check for __builtin_isnan and __builtin_isinf.
Added android-21/arch-mips/usr/include/asm/reg.h and android-21/arch-mips64/usr/include/asm/reg.h.
Fixed a spurious array-bounds warning that GCC 4.9 produced for x86, and reenabled the array bounds warning that GCC 4.9 had produced for ARM. The warning for ARM had previously been unconditionally disabled.
Fixed Clang 3.5 for mips and mips64 to create a writable .gcc_except_table section, thus matching GCC behavior. This change allows you to avoid the following linker warning: .../ld: warning: creating a DT_TEXTREL in a shared object
Backported a fix for compiler-rt issues that were causing crashes when Clang compiled for mips64. For more information, see LLVM Issue 20098.
Fixed Clang 3.5 crashes that occurred on non-ASCII comments. (Issue 81440)
Fixed stlport collate::compare to return -1 and 1. Previously, it had returned arbitrary signed numbers.
Fixed ndk-gdb for 64-bit ABIs. (Issue 118300)
Fixed the crash that the HelloComputeNDK sample for RenderScript was producing on Android 4.4 (Android API level 19). For more information, see this page.
Fixed libc++ __wrap_iter for GCC. For more information, see LLVM Issue 22355.
Fixed .asm support for ABI x86_64.
Implemented a workaround for the GCC 4.8 stlport issue. (Issue 127773)
Removed the trailing directory separator \\ from the project path in Windows. (Issue 160584)
Fixed a no rule to make target error that occurred when compiling a single .c file by executing the ndk-build.cmd command from gradle. (Issue 66937)
Added the libatomic.a and libgomp.a libraries that had been missing from the following host toolchains
aarch64-linux-android-4.9
mips64el-linux-android-4.9
mipsel-linux-android-4.9
x86_64-4.9
Other changes:
Added ld.gold for aarch64. The default linker remains ld.bfd. To explicitly enable ld.gold, add -fuse-ld=gold to the LOCAL_LDFLAGS or APP_LDFLAGS variable.
Built the MIPS and MIPS64 toolchains with binutils-2.25, which provides improved R6 support.
Made -fstandalone-debug (full debug info) a default option for Clang.
Replaced -fstack-protector with -fstack-protector-strong for the ARM, AArch64, X86, and X86_64 toolchains for GCC 4.9, Clang 3.5, and Clang 3.6.
Added the --package command-line switch to ndk-gdb to allow the build system to override the package name. (Issue 56189)
Deprecated -mno-ldc1-stc1 for MIPS. This option may not work with the new -fpxx and -mno-odd-spreg options, or with the FPXX ABI.
Added MIPS MSA and R6 detection to cpu-features.

New in Android NDK Revision 10d (Dec 5, 2014)

Important changes:
Made GCC 4.8 the default for all 32-bit ABIs. Deprecated GCC 4.6, and will remove it next release. To restore previous behavior, either add NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.6 to ndk-build, or add --toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.6 when executing make-standalone-toolchain.sh on the command line. GCC 4.9 remains the default for 64-bit ABIs.
Stopped all x86[_64] toolchains from adding -mstackrealign by default. The NDK toolchain assumes a 16-byte stack alignment. The tools and options used by default enforce this rule. A user writing assembly code must make sure to preserve stack alignment, and ensure that other compilers also comply with this rule. (GCC bug 38496)
Added Address Sanitizer functionality to Clang 3.5 support to the ARM and x86 ABIs. For more information on this change, see the Address Sanitizer project.
Introduced the requirement, starting from API level 21, to use -fPIE -pie when building. In API levels 16 and higher, ndk-build uses PIE when building. This change has a number of implications, which are discussed in Developer Preview Issue 888. These implications do not apply to shared libraries.
Important bug fixes:
Made more fixes related to A53 Errata #835769 in the aarch64-linux-android-4.9 linker. As part of this, GCC passes a new option, --fix-cortex-a53-835769, when -mfix-cortex-a53-835769 (enabled by default) is specified. For more information, see this binutils message and this binutils message.
Documented a fix to a libc++ sscanf/vsscanf hang that occurred in API level 21. The fix itself had been implemented in r10c.
Fixed an AutoFDO (-fauto-profile) crash that occurred with GCC 4.9 when -Os was specified.
Other bug fixes:
Made the following header and library fixes
Added posix_memalign to API level 16. Also, added a prototype in stdlib.h to API levels 16 to 19. (Issue 77861)
Fixed stdatomic.h so that it includes only for C++11.
Modified the following headers for standalone use: sys/user.h, and gl2ext.h, dlext.h, fts.h, sgidefs.h for API level 21.
Modified sys/user.h to rename mxcsr_mask as mxcr_mask, and to change the data type for u_ar0
from unsigned long to struct user_regs_struct*.
Changed sysconf() return value type from int to long.
Fixed ndk-build's handling of thumb for LOCAL_ARM_MODE: In r10d, ndk-build adds LOCAL_LDFLAGS+=-mthumb by default, unless one of the following conditions applies -
You have set LOCAL_ARM_MODE equal to arm.
You are doing a debug build (with settings such as APP_OPTIM=debug and AndroidManifest.xml containing android:debuggable="true"), where ARM mode is the default in order to retain compatibility with earlier toolchains.
Fixed LOCAL_SRC_FILES in ndk-build to use Windows absolute paths.
Removed bash-specific code from ndk-gdb.
Removed bash-specific code from make-standalone-toolchain.sh.
Revised documentation concerning a fix for System.loadLibrary() transitive dependencies.
Fixed a problem that was preventing 64-bit packages from extracting on Ubuntu 14.04 and OS X 10.10 (Yosemite).
Fixed an issue with LOCAL_PCH to improve Clang support.
Clarified "requires executable stack" warning from ld.gold.

New in Android NDK Revision 10c (Oct 18, 2014)

Important changes:
Made the following changes to download structure:
Each package now contains both the 32- and the 64-bit headers, libraries, and tools for its respective platform.
STL libraries with debugging info no longer need be downloaded separately.
Changed everything previously called Android-L to the official release designation: android-21.
Updated GCC 4.9 by rebasing to the google branch of the GCC repository. Major differences from the upstream version of GCC 4.9 include:
The -O2 option now turns on vectorization, without loop peeling but with more aggressive unrolling.
Enhancements to FDO and LIPO
Added Clang 3.5 support to all hosts: NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang now picks Clang 3.5. Note that:
ARM and x86 default to using the integrated assembler. If this causes issues, use -fno-integrated-as as a workaround.
Clang 3.5 issues more warnings for unused flags, such as the -finline-functions option that GCC supports.
When migrating from projects using GCC, you can use -Wno-invalid-command-line-argument and -Wno-unused-command-line-argument to ignore the unused flags until you're able decide on what to do with them longer-term.
Made it possible to enter ART debugging mode, when debugging on an Android 5.0 device using ART as its virtual machine, by specifying the art-on option. For more information, see prebuilt/common/gdb/common.setup in the directory containing the NDK.
Removed support for Clang 3.3.
Deprecated GCC 4.6, and may remove it from future releases.
Updated mclinker to 2.8 with Identical Code Folding ("ICF") support. Specify ICF using the --icf option.
Broadened arm_neon.h support in x86 and x86_64, attaining coverage of ~93% of NEON intrinsics. For more information about NEON support:
Navigate to the NDK Programmer's Guide (docs/Programmers_Guide/html/), and see Architectures and CPUs > Neon.
Examine the updated hello-neon sample in samples/.
Documented support for _FORTIFY_SOURCE in headers/libs/android-21, which appeared in r10 (when android-21 was still called Android-L), but had no documentation.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/aarch64 that was causing the following error message (Issue 77564):
internal compiler error: in simplify_const_unary_operation, at simplify-rtx.c:1539
Fixed incorrect code generation from GCC4.9/arm. (Issue 77567)
Fixed an internal compiler error with GCC4.9/mips involving inline-assembly. (Issue 77568)
Fixed incorrect code that GCC4.9/arm was generating for x = (cond) ? y : x. (Issue 77569)
Fixed GCC4.9/aarch64 and Clang3.5/aarch64 to work around the Cortex-A53 erratum (835769) by default. Disable the workaround by specifying -mno-fix-cortex-a53-835769.
Other bug fixes:
Made the following header and library fixes to android-21:
Added more TV keycodes: android/keycodes.h
Added more constants and six new sensor functions to android/sensor.h: ASensorManager_getDefaultSensorEx, ASensor_getFifoMaxEventCount, ASensor_getFifoReservedEventCount, ASensor_getStringType, ASensor_getReportingMode, and ASensor_isWakeUpSensor.
Fixed stdatomic.h to improve compatibility with GCC 4.6, and provide support for the header.
Added sys/ucontext.h and sys/user.h to all API levels. The signal.h header now includes . You may remove any existing definition of struct ucontext.
Added posix_memalign to API levels 17, 18, and 19.
Added the following functions to all architectures: android_set_abort_message, posix_fadvise, posix_fadvise64, pthread_gettid_np.
Added the required permissions to the native-media/AndroidManifest.xml sample. (Issue 106640)
Added clock_nanosleep and clock_settime to API level 21. (Issue 77372)
Removed the following symbols from all architectures: get_malloc_leak_info, free_malloc_leak_info, __srget, __swbuf, __srefill, __swsetup, __sdidinit, __sflags, __sfp, __sinit, __smakebuf, __sflush, __sread, __swrite, __sseek, __sclose, _fwalk, __sglue, __get_thread, __wait4, __futex_wake, __open, __get_tls, __getdents64, and dlmalloc.
Removed the following functions from the 64-bit architectures: basename_r, dirname_r, __isthreaded, _flush_cache (mips64).
Removed the following function from the 32-bit architectures: __signalfd4.
Changed the type of the third argument from size_t to int in the following functions: strtoll_l, strtoull_l, wcstoll_l, and wcstoull_l.
Restored the following functions to the 64-bit architecture: arc4random, arc4random_buf, and arc4random_uniform.
Moved cxa_* and the new and delete operators back to libstdc++.so. This change restores r9d behavior; previous versions of r10 contained dummy files.
Restored MXU support in GCC 4.8 and 4.9 for mips. This support had been absent from r10 and r10b because those versions of GCC had been compiled with binutils-2.24, which did not support MXU. It now does.
Fixed --toolchain= in make-standalone-toolchain.sh so that it now properly supports use of a suffix specifying a version of Clang.
Fixed the libc++/armeabi strtod() functions.
Made fixes to NDK documentation in docs/.
Other changes:
Enhanced cpu-features to detect ARMv8 support for the following instruction sets: AES, CRC32, SHA2, SHA1, and 64-bit PMULL/PMULL2. (Issue 106360)
Modified ndk-build to use *-gcc-ar, which is available in GCC 4.8, GCC 4.9, and Clang. Clang specifies it, instead of *-ar. This setting brings improved LTO support.
Removed the include-fixed/linux/a.out.h and include-fixed/linux/compiler.h headers from the GCC compiler. (Issue 73728)
Fixed an issue related to -flto with GCC 4.8 on Mac OS X. The error message read:
.../ld: error: .../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9/liblto_plugin.so
Symbol not found: _environ
Fixed a typo in build-binary.mk. (Issue 76992)

New in Android NDK Revision 10b (Oct 18, 2014)

Important notes:
Because of the 512MB size restriction on downloadable packages, the following 32-bit items are not in the 32-bit NDK download packages. Instead, they reside in the 64-bit ones: Android-L headers and GCC 4.9
Currently, the only Renderscript support provided by the NDK is for 32-bit Renderscript with Android 4.4 (API level 19). You cannot build HelloComputeNDK (the only Renderscript sample) with any other combination of Renderscript (32- or 64-bit) and Android version.
To compile native-codec, you must use a 64-bit NDK package, which is where all the Android-L headers are located.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed gdb 7.6 in GCC 4.8/4.9. (Issues 74112 and 74371.)
Fixed GCC 4.8/4.9 for x86, so that they no longer enable -msse4.2 and -mpopcnt by default. (Issue 73843.)
Other bug fixes:
Removed stdio.h from the include-fixed/ directories of all versions of GCC. (Issue 73728.)
Removed duplicate header files from the Windows packages in the platforms/android-L/arch-*/usr/include/linux/netfilter*/ directories. (Issue 73704.)
Fixed a problem that prevented Clang from building HelloComputeNDK.
Fixed atexit. (Issue 66595.)
Made various fixes to the docs in docs/ and sources/third_party/googletest/README.NDK. (Issue 74069.)
Made the following fixes to the Android-L headers:
Added the following functions to ctype.h and wchar.h: dn_expand(), grantpt(), inet_nsap_addr(), inet_nsap_ntoa(), insque(), nsdispatch(), posix_openpt(), __pthread_cleanup_pop(), __pthread_cleanup_push(), remque(), setfsgid(), setfsuid(), splice(), tee(), twalk() (Issue 73719), and 42 *_l() functions.
Renamed cmsg_nxthdr to __cmsg_nxthdr.
Removed __libc_malloc_dispatch.
Changed the ptrace() prototype to long ptrace(int, ...);.
Removed sha1.h.
Extended android_dlextinfo in android/dlext.h.
Annotated __NDK_FPABI__ for functions receiving or returning float- or double-type values in stdlib.h, time.h, wchar.h, and complex.h.
Other changes:
Updated mipsel-linux-android-4.9 and mips64el-linux-android-4.9, implementing a new multilib directory layout, and providing support for gdb-7.7
Enhanced cpu-features to detect more arm64 features. (Change list 100339.)

New in Android NDK Revision 10 (Jul 17, 2014)

IMPORTANT CHANGES:
Added 3 new ABIs, all 64-bit: arm64-v8a, x86_64, mips64.
Upgraded GDB to version 7.6 in GCC 4.8/4.9 and x86*. Since GDB is still at version GDB-7.3.x in GCC 4.6 (the default for ARM and MIPS), you must set NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.8 or 4.9 to enable ndk-gdb to select GDB 7.6.
Added the -mssse3 build option to provide SSSE3 support, and made it the default for ABI x86 (upgrading from SSE3). The image released by Google does not contain SSSE3 instructions.
Updated GCC 4.8 to 4.8.3.
mclinker is now version 2.7, and has aarch64 Linux support.
Added precompiled header support for headers specified by LOCAL_PCH. (Issue 25412).
Improved ARM libc++ EH support by switching from gabi++ to libc++abi. For details, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation. Note that:
All tests except for locale now pass for Clang 3.4 and GCC 4.8. For more information, see the "C++ Support" section of the documentation.
The libc++ libraries for X86 and MIPS libc++ still use gabi++.
GCC 4.7 and later can now use .
You must add -fno-strict-aliasing if you use , because __list_imp::_end_ breaks TBAA rules. (Issue 61571.)
As of GCC 4.6, LIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD:=true no longer rebuilds libc++. Rebuilding it requires the use of a different compiler. Note that Clang 3.3 is untested.
Added GCC 4.9 compilers to the 32-/64-bit ABIs. GCC 4.9 is the default (only) compiler for 64-bit ABIs, as previously mentioned. For 32-bit ABIs, you must explcitly enable GCC 4.9, as GCC 4.6 is still the default.
For ndk-build, enable 32-bit, GCC 4.9 building either by adding NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.9 to Application.mk, or exporting it as an environment variable from the command line.
For a standalone toolchain, use the --toolchain= option in the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script. For example: --toolchain=arm-linux-androideabi-4.9.
Note that:
GCC 4.9 is the default compiler for 64-bit ABIs. Clang is currently version 3.4. NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang may not work for arm64-v8a and mips64.
Android API level L is the first level with 64-bit support. Note that this API level is a temporary one, and only for L-preview. An actual API level number will replace it at L-release.
This release includes now includes all32 and all64 settings for APP_ABI.
APP_ABI=all32 is equivalent to APP_ABI=armeabi,armeabi-v7a,x86,mips.
APP_ABI=all64 is equivalent to APP_ABI=arm64-v8a,x86_64,mips64.
APP_ABI=all selects all ABIs.
The new GNU libstdc++ in Android-L contains all Before defining your own math function, check _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1 to see a function with that name already exists, in order to avoid "multiple definition" errors from the linker.
The cpu-features library has been updated for the ARMv8 kernel. The existing cpu-features library may fail to detect the presence of NEON on the ARMv8 platform. Recompile your code with the new version.
Added a new platforms/android-L/ API directory. It includes:
Updated Bionic headers, which had not changed from Android API levels 3 (Cupcake) to 19 (KitKat). This new version, for level L, is to be synchronized with AOSP.
New media APIs and a native-codec sample.
An updated Android.h header for SLES/OpenSLES, enabling support for single-precision, floating-point audio format in AudioPlayer.
GLES 3.1 and AEP extensions to libGLESv3.so.
GLES2 and GLES3 headers updated to the latest official Khronos versions.
IMPORTANT BUG FIXES:
Fixed libc++ so that it now compiles std::feof, etc. (Issue 66668).
Fixed a Clang 3.3/3.4 atomic library call that caused crashes in some of the libc++ tests for ABI armeabi.
Fixed Clang 3.4 crashes that were occurring on reading precompiled headers. (Issue 66657).
Fixed the Clang 3.3/3.4 -O3 assert on:
llvm-3.2/llvm/include/llvm/MDBuilder.h:64: llvm::MDNode* llvm::MDBuilder::createBranchWeights(llvm::ArrayRef): Assertion Weights.size() >= 2 && "Need at least two branch weights!" (Issue 57381).
Fixed the following Clang 3.3/3.4 crash:
Assertion failed: (!Fn && "cast failed but able to resolve overload expression!!"), function CheckCXXCStyleCast, file Volumes/data/ndk-toolchain/src/llvm-3.3/llvm/tools/clang/lib/Sema/SemaCast.cpp, line 2018. (Issue 66950).
OTHER BUG FIXES:
Fixed GCC warning about redefinition of putchar. Warning message reads:
include/stdio.h:236:5: warning: conflicts with previous declaration here [-Wattributes] int putchar(int); (Change list 91185).
Fixed GCC/Windows to quote arguments only when necessary for spawning processes in external programs. This change decreases the likelihood of exceeding the 32K length limit.
Fixed an issue that made it impossible to adjust the APP_PLATFORM environment variable.
Fixed the implementation of IsSystemLibrary() in crazy_linker so that it uses strrchr() instead of strchr() to find the library path's true basename.
Fixed native-audio's inability to build in debug mode.
Fixed gdb's inability to print extreme floating-point numbers. (Issue 69203).
Fixed Clang 3.4 inability to compile with -Wl,-shared (as opposed to -shared, which had no compilation issues). The problem was that Clang added -pie for Android targets if neither -shared nor -static existed. This behavior, which was incorrect, caused the linker to complain that -shared and -pie could not co-exist.
Fixed make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++ so that it:
Copies cxxabi.h. (Issue 68001).
Runs in directories other than the NDK install directory. (Issues 67690 and 68647).
Fixed headers:
Fixed 32-bit ssize_t to be int instead of long int.
Fixed WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX so that they they take appropriate signs according to the architecture they're running on:
X86/MIPS: signed.
ARM: unsigned.
To force X86/MIPS to default to unsigned, use -D__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__.
To force wchar_t to be 16 bits, use -fshort-wchar.
Removed non-existent symbols from 32-bit libc.so, and added pread64, pwrite64, ftruncate64 for Android API level 12 and higher. (Issue 69319). For more information, see the commit message accompanying AOSP change list 94137.
OTHER CHANGES:
Added arm_neon.h to the x86 toolchain so that it now emulates ~47% of Neon. There is currently no support for 64-bit types. For more information, see the section on ARM Neon intrinsics support in the x86 documentation.
Ported ARM/GOT_PREL optimization (present in GCC 4.6 built from the GCC google branch) to ARM GCC 4.8/4.9. This optimization sometimes reduces instruction count when accessing global variables. As an example, see the build.sh script in $NDK/tests/build/b14811006-GOT_PREL-optimization/.
Added ARM version for STL gabi++, stlport, and libc++. They now have both it and Thumb mode.
It is now possible to call the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script with --toolchain=x86_64-linux-android-4.9, which is equivalent to --toolchain=x86_64-4.9.

New in Android NDK Revision 9d (Mar 5, 2014)

Important changes:
Added support for the Clang 3.4 compiler. The NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang option now picks Clang 3.4. GCC 4.6 is still the default compiler.
Added APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a-hard, with additional multilib option -mfloat-abi=hard. These options are for use with ARM GCC 4.6/4.8 and clang 3.3/3.4 (which use 4.8's assembler, linker, and libs).
When using these options, note the following changes
When executing the ndk-build script, add the following options for armeabi-v7a target
TARGET_CFLAGS += -mhard-float -D_NDK_MATH_NO_SOFTFP=1
TARGET_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--no-warn-mismatch -lm_hard
The built library is copied to libs/armeabi-v7a. For make to behave as expected, you cannot specify both armeabi-v7a and armeabi-v7a-hard as make targets (i.e., on the APP_ABI= line). Doing so causes one of them to be ignored. Note that APP_ABI=all is still equivalent to armeabi armeabi-v7a x86 mips.
The make-standalone-toolchain.sh script copies additional libaries under /hard directories. Add the above CFLAGS and LFLAGS to your makefile to enable GCC or Clang to link with libraries in /hard.
Added the yasm assembler, as well as LOCAL_ASMFLAGS and EXPORT_ASMFLAGS flags for x86 targets. The ndk-build script uses prebuilts/*/bin/yasm* to build LOCAL_SRC_FILES that have the .asm extension.
Updated MClinker to 2.6.0, which adds -gc-sections support.
Added experimental libc++ support (upstream r201101). Use this new feature by following these steps
Add APP_STL := c++_static or APP_STL := c++_shared in Application.mk. You may rebuild from source via LIBCXX_FORCE_REBUILD := true
Execute make-standalone-toolchain.sh --stl=libc++ to create a standalone toolchain with libc++ headers/lib.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed an uncaught throw from an unexpected exception handler for GCC 4.6/4.8 ARM EABI.
Fixed GCC 4.8 so that it now correctly resolves partial specialization of a template with a dependent, non-type template argument.
Fixed the x86 and MIPS gdbserver event_getmsg_helper.
Fixed numerous issues in the RenderScript NDK toolchain, including issues with compatibility across older devices and C++ reflection.
Other bug fixes:
Header fixes
Fixed a missing #include in android/asset_manager.h for Android API level 13 and higher. (Issue 64988)
Fixed a missing #include in android/rect_manager.h for Android API level 14 and higher.
Added JNICALL to JNI_OnLoad and JNI_OnUnload in jni.h. Note that JNICALL is defined as __NDK_FPABI__ For more information, see sys/cdefs.h.
Updated the following headers so that they can be included without the need to manually include their dependencies
Added sys/cachectl.h for all architectures. MIPS developers can now include this header instead of writing #ifdef __mips__.
Fixed platforms/android-18/include/android/input.h by adding __NDK_FPABI__ to functions taking or returning float or double values.
Fixed MIPS struct stat, which was incorrectly set to its 64-bit counterpart for Android API level 12 and later. This wrong setting was a regression introduced in release r9c.
Defined __PTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE, __PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE, and __PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INIT_VALUE for Android API level 9 and lower.
Added scalbln, scalblnf, and scalblnl to x86 libm.so for APIs 18 and later.
Fixed a typo in sources/android/support/include/iconv.h. (Issue 63806)
Fixed gabi++ std::unexpected() to call std::terminate() so that a user-defined std::terminate() handler has a chance to run.
Fixed gabi++ to catch std::nullptr.
Fixed samples Teapot and MoreTeapots
Solved a problem with Tegra 2 and 3 chips by changing specular variables to use medium precision. Values for specular power can now be less than 1.0.
Changed the samples so that pressing the volume button restores immersive mode and invalidates SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY. Screen rotation does not trigger onSystemUiVisibilityChange, and so does not restore immersive mode.
Fixed the ndk-build script to add -rpath-link=$SYSROOT/usr/lib and -rpath-link=$TARGET_OUT in order to use ld.bfd to link executables. (Issue 64266)
Removed -Bsymbolic from all STL builds.
Fixed ndk-gdb-py.cmd by setting SHELL as an environment variable instead of passing it to python.exe, which ignores the setting. (Issue 63054)
Fixed the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script so that the --stl=stlport option copies the gabi++ headers instead of symlinking them; the cmd.exe and MinGW shells do not understand symlinks created by cygwin.
Other changes:
Applied execution permissions to all *cmd scripts previously intended for use only in the cmd.exe shell, in case developers prefer to use ndk-build.cmd in cygwin instead of the recommended ndk-build script.
Improved the speed of the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script by moving instead of copying if the specified destination directory does not exist.

New in Android NDK Revision 9c (Dec 20, 2013)

Important bug fixes:
Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 ARM, in which the stack pointer is restored too early. This problem prevented the frame pointer from reliably accessing a variable in the stack frame.
Fixed a problem with GCC 4.8 libstdc++, in which a bug in std::nth_element was causing generation of code that produced a random segfault.
Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE in cc1/cc1plus with -fuse-ld=mcld
Fixed -mhard-float support for __builtin math functions
Other bug fixes:
Header fixes:
Changed prototype of poll to poll(struct pollfd *, nfds_t, int); in poll.h.
Added utimensat to libc.so in API levels 12 and 19. It is now present in levels 12-19.
Introduced futimens into libc.so, as of API level 19.
Added missing clock_settime() and clock_nanosleep() to time.h for API 8 and higher.
Added CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE, CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM in time.h.
Removed obsolete CLOCK_REALTIME_HR and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_HR.
Refactored samples Teapot, MoreTeapots, and source/android/ndk_helper as follows:
They now use a hard-float abi for armeabi-v7a.
Android-19 now has immersive mode.
Fixed a problem with Check_ReleaseStringUTFChars in /system/lib/libdvm.so that was causing crashes on x86 devices.
Fixed ndk-build fails that happen in cygwin when the NDK package is referenced via symlink.
Fixed ndk-build.cmd fails that happen in windows cmd.exe when LOCAL_SRC_FILES contains absolute paths.
Fixed ndk-stack to proceed even when it can't parse a frame due to inability to find a routine, filename, or line number. In any of those cases, it prints "??".
Fixed ndk-stack windows-x64_64 so that it no longer erroneously matches a frame line with a line in the stack: section that doesn't contain pc, eip, or ip.
Fixed gabi++ so that it:
Does not use malloc() to allocate C++ thread-local objects.
Avoids deadlocks in gabi++ in cases where libc.debug.malloc is non-zero in userdebug/eng Android platform builds.
Other changes:
Added LOCAL_EXPORT_LDFLAGS.
Introduced the NDK_PROJECT_PATH=null setting for use in an integrated build system where options are explicitly passed to ndk-build. With this setting, ndk-build makes no attempt to look for NDK_PROJECT_PATH. This setting also prevents variables from deriving default settings from NDK_PROJECT_PATH. As a result, the following variables must now be explicitly specified (with their default values if such exist): NDK_OUT, NDK_LIBS_OUT, APP_BUILD_SCRIPT, NDK_DEBUG (optional, default to 0), and other APP_*'s contained in Application.mk.
APP_ABI can now be enumerated in a comma-delimited list
Provided the ability (option -g) to rebuild all of STL with debugging info in an optional, separate package called android-ndk-r9c-cxx-stl-libs-with-debugging-info.zip. This option helps ndk-stack to provide better a stack dump across STL. This change should not affect the code/size of the final, stripped file.
Enhanced hello-jni samples to report APP_ABI at compilation.
Used the ar tool in Deterministic mode (option -D) to build static libraries.

New in Android NDK Revision 9b (Nov 1, 2013)

IMPORTANT CHANGES:
Updated include/android/*h and math.h for all Android API levels up to 18, including the addition of levels 13, 15, 16 and 17. For information on added APIs, see commit messages for Changes 68012 and 68014. (Issues 47150, 58528, and 38423)
Added support for API level 19, including Renderscript binding.
Added support for -mhard-float in the existing armeabi-v7a ABI. For more information and current restrictions on Clang, see tests/device/hard-float/jni/Android.mk.
Migrated from GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 to 4.8.2, and added diagnostic color support.
Added two new samples to demonstrate OpenGL ES 3.0 features: Teapot and MoreTeapots. These samples run on devices with Android 4.1 (API level 16) and higher.
Deprecated GCC 4.7 and Clang 3.2 support, which will be removed in the next release.
IMPORTANT BUG FIXES:
Fixed problem with ARM GCC 4.6 thumb2 failing to generate 16-bit relative jump tables. (GCC Issue)
Fixed GCC 4.8 internal compiler error (ICE) on g++.dg/cpp0x/lambda/lambda-defarg3.C. (Change 62770, GCC Issue)
Fixed a problem with Windows 32-bit *-gdb.exe executables failing to launch. (Issue 58975)
Fixed GCC 4.8 ICE when building bullet library.
Modified GDB/ARM build to skip ARM.exidx data for unwinding in prologue code and added a command (set arm exidx-unwinding) to control exidx-based stack unwinding. (Issue 55826)
Fixed Clang 3.3 MIPS compiler problem where HI and LO registers are incorrectly reused.
Fixed issue with MIPS 4.7 ICE in dbx_reg_number.
OTHER BUG FIXES:
Fixed problem building samples/gles3jni with Clang on Android API level 11.
Fixed MCLinker to allow multiple occurrences of the following options: -gc-sections and --eh-frame-hdr.
Fixed MCLinker to accept the --no-warn-mismatch option.
Modified cpu-features option to not assume all VFPv4 devices support IDIV. Now this option only adds IDIV to white-listed devices, including Nexus 4. (Issue 57637)
Fixed problem with android_native_app_glue.c erroneously logging errors on event predispatch operations.
Fixed all operations on gabi++ terminate and unexpected_handler to be thread-safe.
Fixed several issues with Clang -integrated-as option so it can pass tests for ssax-instructions and fenv.
Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7/4.8 compiler to pass the linker option --eh-frame-hdr even for static executables. For more information, see the GCC patch.
Fixed extra apostrophe in CPU-ARCH-ABIS.html. For more information, see NDK-DEPENDS.html. (Issue 60142)
Fixed extra quotes in ndk-build output on Windows. (Issue 60649)
Fixed Clang 3.3 to compile ARM's built-in, atomic operations such as __atomic_fetch_add, __atomic_fetch_sub, and __atomic_fetch_or.
Fixed Clang 3.3 ICE with customized vfprintf. (Clang issue)
Header fixes:
Fixed the ARM WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX to be unsigned according to spec (the X86/MIPS versions are signed). Define _WCHAR_IS_ALWAYS_SIGNED to restore old behavior. (Issue 57749)
Fixed include/netinet/tcp.h to contain TCP_INFO state enum. (Issue 38881)
Fixed the cdefs_elh.h macro _C_LABEL_STRING to stop generating warnings in the GCC 4.8 toolchain when using c++11 mode. (Issue 58135, Issue 58652)
Removed non-existent functions imaxabs and imaxdiv from header inttypes.h.
Fixed issue with pthread_exit() return values and pthread_self(). (Issue 60686)
Added missing mkdtemp() function, which already exists in bionic header stdlib.h.
OTHER CHANGES:
Enabled OpenMP for all GCC builds.
Reduced the size of ld.mcld significantly (1.5MB vs. ld.bfd 3.5MB and ld.gold 7.5MB), resulting in a speed improvement of approximately 20%.
Added LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS and APP_CONLYFLAGS to specify options applicable to C only but not C++. The existing LOCAL_CFLAGS and APP_CFLAGS are also used for C++ compilation (to save trouble of specifying most options twice), so options such as -std=gnu99 may fail in g++ builds with a warning and clang++ builds with an error.
Added gabi++ array helper functions.
Modified GCC builds so that all libgcc.a files are built with -funwind-tables to allow the stack to be unwound past previously blocked points, such as __aeabi_idiv0.
Added Ingenic MXU support in MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8 with new -mmxu option.
Extended MIPS GCC4.6/4.7/4.8 -mldc1-sdc1 to control ldxc1/sdxc1 too
Added crazy linker. For more information, see sources/android/crazy_linker/README.TXT.
Fixed bitmap-plasma to draw to full screen rather than a 200x200 pixel area.
Reduced linux and darwin toolchain sizes by 25% by creating symlinks to identical files.

New in Android NDK Revision 9 (Jul 26, 2013)

Important changes:
Added support for Android 4.3 (API level 18). For more information, see STABLE-APIS.html and new code examples in samples/gles3jni/README.
Added headers and libraries for OpenGL ES 3.0, which is supported by Android 4.3 (API level 18) and higher.
Added GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.8 compiler to the NDK.
Added Clang 3.3 support. The NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang build option now picks Clang 3.3 by default.
Updated GNU Project Debugger (GDB) to support python 2.7.5.
Added MCLinker to support Windows hosts. Since ld.gold is the default where available, you must add -fuse-ld=mcld in LOCAL_LDFLAGS or APP_LDFLAGS to enable MCLinker.
Added ndk-depends tool which prints ELF library dependencies.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed potential event handling issue in android_native_app_glue.
Fixed ARM/GCC-4.7 build to generate sufficient alignment for NEON load and store instructions VST and VLD.
Fixed a GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 internal compiler error (ICE) for a constant negative index value on a string literal.
Fixed GCC 4.7 segmentation fault for constant initialization with an object address.
Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM segmentation fault for -O values when using Boost 1.52.0.
Fixed libc.so and libc.a to support the wait4() function.
Updated the x86 libc.so and libc.a files to include the clone() function.
Fixed LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS bug where the linker.list file is empty or not used.
Fixed GCC MIPS build on Mac OS to use CFI directives, without which ld.mcld --eh-frame-hdr fails frequently.
Fixed Clang 3.2 X86/MIPS internal compiler error in llvm/lib/VMCore/Value.cpp.
Fixed GCC 4.7 64-bit Windows assembler crash. (Error: out of memory allocating 4294967280 bytes).
Updated ndk-gdb script so that the --start or --launch actions now wait for the GNU Debug Server, so that it can more reliably hit breakpoints set early in the execution path (such as breakpoints in JNI code)
Fixed GDB crash when library list is empty.
Fixed GDB crash when using a stepi command past a bx pc or blx pc Thumb instruction.
Fixed MIPS gdbserver to look for DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP instead of DT_DEBUG.
Fixed a circular dependency in the ndk-build script, for example: If A->B and B->B, then B was dropped from build.
Other bug fixes:
Fixed the ndk-build script to enable you to specify a version of Clang as a command line option (e.g., NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.2). Previously, only specifying the version as an environment variable worked.
Fixed gabi++ size of _Unwind_Exception to be 24 for MIPS build targets when using the Clang compiler. (Change 54141)
Fixed the ndk-build script to ensure that built libraries are actually removed from projects that include prebuilt static libraries when using the ndk-build clean command. (Change 54461, Change 54480)
Modified the NDK_ANALYZE=1 option to be less verbose.
Fixed gnu-libstdc++/Android.mk to include a backward/ path for builds that use backward compability. (Issue 53404)
Fixed a problem where stlport new sometimes returned random values.
Fixed ndk-gdb to match the order of CPU_ABIS, not APP_ABIS. (Issue 54033)
Fixed a problem where the NDK 64-bit build on MacOSX choses the wrong path for compiler. (Issue 53769)
Fixed build scripts to detect 64-bit Windows Vista. (Issue 54485)
Fixed x86 ntonl/swap32 error: invalid 'asm': operand number out of range. (Issue 54465, Change 57242)
Fixed ld.gold to merge string literals.
Fixed ld.gold to handle large symbol alignment.
Updated ld.gold to enable the --sort-section=name option.
Fixed GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 to suppress the -export-dynamic option for statically linked programs. GCC no longer adds an .interp section for statically linked programs.
Fixed GCC 4.4.3 stlport compilation error about inconsistent typedef of _Unwind_Control_Block. (Issue 54426)
Fixed awk scripts to handle AndroidManifest.xml files created on Windows which may contain trailing \r characters and cause build errors. (Issue 42548)
Fixed make-standalone-toolchain.sh to probe the prebuilts/ directory to detect if the host is 32 bit or 64 bit.
Fixed the Clang 3.2 -integrated-as option.
Fixed the Clang 3.2 ARM EHABI compact model pr1 and pr2 handler data.
Added clang -mllvm -arm-enable-ehabi option to fix a clang error
Other changes:
Header Fixes
Modified headers to make __set_errno an inlined function, since __set_errno in errno.h is deprecated, and libc.so no longer exports it.
Modified elf.h to include stdint.h. (Issue 55443)
Fixed sys/un.h to be included independently of other headers. (Issue 53646)
Fixed all of the MotionEvent_getHistorical API family to take the const AInputEvent* motion_event. (Issue 55873)
Fixed malloc_usable_size to take const void*. (Issue 55725)
Fixed stdint.h to be more compatible with C99. (Change 46821)
Modified wchar.h to not redefine WCHAR_MAX and WCHAR_MIN
Fixed declaration for pointer-related PRI and SCN macros. (Issue 57218)
Changed the sys/cdefs.h header so that __WCHAR_TYPE__ is 32-bit for API levels less than 9, which means that wchat_t is 32-bit for all API levels. To restore the previous behavior, define the _WCHAR_IS_8BIT boolean variable. (Issue 57267)
Added two flags to re-enable two optimizations in upstream Clang but disabled in NDK for better compatibility with code compiled by GCC
Added a -fcxx-missing-return-semantics flag to re-enable missing return semantics in Clang 3.2+. Normally, all paths should terminate with a return statement for a value-returning function. If this is not the case, clang inserts an undefined instruction (or trap in debug mode) at the path without a return statement. If you are sure your code is correct, use this flag to allow the optimizer to take advantage of the undefined behavior. If you are not sure, do not use this flag. The caller may still receive a random incorrect value, but the optimizer will not exploit it and make your code harder to debug.
Added a -fglobal-ctor-const-promotion flag to re-enable promoting global variables with static constructor to be constants. With this flag, the global variable optimization pass of LLVM tries to evaluate the global variables with static constructors and promote them to global constants. Although this optimization is correct, it may cause some incompatability with code compiled by GCC. For example, code may do const_cast to cast the constant to mutable and modify it. In GCC, the variable is in read-write and the code is run by accident. In Clang, the const variable is in read-only memory and may cause your application to crash.
Added -mldc1-sdc1 to the MIPS GCC and Clang compilers. By default, compilers align 8-byte objects properly and emit the ldc1 and sdc1 instructions to move them around. If your app uses a custom allocator that does not always align with a new object's 8-byte boundary in the same way as the default allocator, your app may crash due to ldc1 and sdc1 operations on unaligned memory. In this case, use the -mno-ldc1-sdc1 flag to workaround the problem.
Downgraded the event severity from warning to info if APP_PLATFORM_LEVEL is larger than APP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL. The APP_PLATFORM_LEVEL may be lower than APP_PLATFORM in jni/Application.mk because the NDK does not have headers for all levels. In this case, the actual level is shifted downwards. The APP_MIN_PLATFORM_LEVEL is specified by the android:minSdkVersion in your application's manifest. (Issue 39752)
Added the android_getCpuIdArm() and android_setCpuArm() methods to cpu-features.c. This addition enables easier retrieval of the ARM CPUID information. (Issue 53689)
Modified ndk-build to use GCC 4.7's as/ld for Clang compiling.
Added the following new warnings to the ndk-build script
Added warnings if LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS are used in static library modules.
Added a warning if a configuration has no module to build.
Added a warning for non-system libraries being used in LOCAL_LDLIBS/LDFLAGS of a shared library or executable modules.
Updated build scripts, so that if APP_MODULES is not defined and only static libraries are listed in Android.mk, the script force-builds all of them. (Issue 53502)
Updated ndk-build to support absolute paths in LOCAL_SRC_FILES.
Removed the *-gdbtui executables, which are duplicates of the *-gdb executables with the -tui option enabled.
Updated the build scripts to warn you when the Edison Design Group (EDG) compiler front-end turns _STLP_HAS_INCLUDE_NEXT back on. (Issue 53646)
Added the environment variable NDK_LIBS_OUT to allow overriding of the path for libraries/gdbserver from the default $PROJECT/libs. For more information, see OVERVIEW.html.
Changed ndk-build script defaults to compile code with format string protection -Wformat -Werror=format-security. You may set LOCAL_DISABLE_FORMAT_STRING_CHECKS=true to disable it. For more information, see ANDROID-MK.html
Added STL pretty-print support in ndk-gdb-py. For more information, see NDK-GDB.html.
Added tests based on the googletest frameworks.
Added a notification to the toolchain build script that warns you if the current shell is not bash.

New in Android NDK Revision 8e (Mar 22, 2013)

IMPORTANT CHANGES:
Added 64-bit host toolchain set (package name suffix *-x86_64.*). For more information, see CHANGES.HTML and NDK-BUILD.html.
Added Clang 3.2 compiler. GCC 4.6 is still the default. For information on using the Clang compiler, see CHANGES.HTML.
Added static code analyzer for Linux/MacOSX hosts. For information on using the analyzer, see CHANGES.HTML.
Added MCLinker for Linux/MacOSX hosts as an experimental feature. The ld.gold linker is the default where available, so you must explicitly enable it. For more information, see CHANGES.HTML.
Updated ndk-build to use topological sort for module dependencies, which means the build automatically sorts out the order of libraries specified in LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES, LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES and LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES. For more information, see CHANGES.HTML. (Issue 39378)
IMPORTANT BUG FIXES:
Fixed build script to build all toolchains in -O2. Toolchains in previous releases were incorrectly built without optimization.
Fixed build script which unconditionally builds Clang/llvm for MacOSX in 64-bit.
Fixed GCC 4.6/4.7 internal compiler error: gen_thumb_movhi_clobber at config/arm/arm.md:5832. (Issue 52732)
Fixed build problem where GCC/ARM 4.6/4.7 fails to link code using 64-bit atomic built-in functions. (Issue 41297)
Fixed GCC 4.7 linker DIV usage mismatch errors. (Sourceware Issue)
Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error build_data_member_initialization, at cp/semantics.c:5790.
Fixed GCC 4.7 internal compiler error redirect_eh_edge_1, at tree-eh.c:2214. (Issue 52909)
Fixed a GCC 4.7 segfault. (GCC Issue)
Fixed clock resolution and enabled steady_clock. (Issue 39680)
Fixed toolchain to enable _GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS for GCC 4.7 libstdc++. (Issue 41770, Issue 41859)
Fixed problem with the X86 MXX/SSE code failing to link due to missing posix_memalign. (Change 51872)
Fixed GCC4.7/X86 segmentation fault in i386.c, function distance_non_agu_define_in_bb(). (Change 50383)
Fixed GCC4.7/X86 to restore earlier cmov behavior. (GCC Issue)
Fixed handling NULL return value of setlocale() in libstdc++/GCC4.7. (Issue 46718)
Fixed ld.gold runtime undefined reference to __exidx_start and __exidx_start_end. (Change 52134)
Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when using Eigen library. (Issue 41246)
Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error including in C++11 mode. (Issue 39600)
Fixed Clang 3.1 internal compiler error when generating object code for a method call to a uniform initialized rvalue. (Issue 41387)
Fixed Clang 3.1/X86 stack realignment. (Change 52154)
Fixed problem with GNU Debugger (GDB) SIGILL when debugging on Android 4.1.2. (Issue 40941)
Fixed problem where GDB cannot set source:line breakpoints when symbols contain long, indirect file paths. (Issue 42448)
Fixed GDB read_program_header for MIPS PIE executables. (Change 49592)
Fixed STLport segmentation fault in uncaught_exception(). (Change 50236)
Fixed STLport bus error in exception handling due to unaligned access of DW_EH_PE_udata2, DW_EH_PE_udata4, and DW_EH_PE_udata8.
Fixed Gabi++ infinite recursion problem with nothrow new[] operator. (Issue 52833)
Fixed Gabi++ wrong offset to exception handler pointer. (Change 53446)
Removed Gabi++ redundant free on exception object (Change 53447)
OTHER BUG FIXES:
Fixed STLport to abort after out of memory error instead of silently exiting.
Fixed system and Gabi++ headers to be able to compile with API level 8 and lower.
Fixed cpufeatures to not parse /proc/self/auxv. (Issue 43055)
Fixed ld.gold to not depend on host libstdc++ and on Windows platforms, to not depend on the libgcc_sjlj_1.dll library.
Fixed Clang 3.1 which emits inconsistent register list in .vsave and fails assembler. (Change 49930)
Fixed Clang 3.1 to be able to compile libgabi++ and pass the test-stlport tests for MIPS build targets. (Change 51961)
Fixed Clang 3.1 to only enable exception by default for C++, not for C.
Fixed several issues in Clang 3.1 to pass most GNU exception tests.
Fixed scripts clang and clang++ in standalone NDK compiler to detect -cc1 and to not specify -target when found.
Fixed ndk-build to observe NDK_APP_OUT set in Application.mk.
Fixed X86 libc.so and lib.a which were missing the sigsetjmp and siglongjmp functions already declared in setjmp.h. (Issue 19851)
Patched GCC 4.4.3/4.6/4.7 libstdc++ to work with Clang in C++ 11. (Clang Issue)
Fixed cygwin path in argument passed to HOST_AWK.
Fixed ndk-build script warning in windows when running from project's JNI directory. (Issue 40192)
Fixed problem where the ndk-build script does not build if makefile has trailing whitespace in the LOCAL_PATH definition. (Issue 42841)
Fixed NDK headers:
Removed redundant definitions of size_t, ssize_t, and ptrdiff_t.
Fixed MIPS and ARM fenv.h header.
Fixed stddef.h to not redefine offsetof since it already exists in the toolchain.
Fixed elf.h to contain Elf32_auxv_t and Elf64_auxv_t. (Issue 38441)
Fixed the #ifdef C++ definitions in the OpenSLES_AndroidConfiguration.h header file. (Issue 53163)
OTHER CHANGES:
Enabled threading support in GCC/MIPS toolchain.
Updated GCC exception handling helpers __cxa_begin_cleanup and __cxa_type_match to have default visibility from the previous hidden visibility in GNU libstdc++. For more information, see CHANGES.HTML.
Updated build scripts so that Gabi++ and STLport static libraries are now built with hidden visibility except for exception handling helpers.
Updated build so that STLport is built for ARM in Thumb mode.
Added support for std::set_new_handler in Gabi++. (Issue 52805)
Enabled FUTEX system call in GNU libstdc++.
Updated ndk-build so that it no longer copies prebuilt static library to a project's obj/local// directory. (Issue 40302)
Removed __ARM_ARCH_5*__ from ARM toolchains/*/setup.mk script. (Issue 21132)
Built additional GNU libstdc++ libraries in thumb for ARM.
Enabled MIPS floating-point madd/msub/nmadd/nmsub/recip/rsqrt instructions with 32-bit FPU.
Enabled graphite loop optimizer in GCC 4.6 and 4.7 to allow more optimizations: -fgraphite, -fgraphite-identity, -floop-block, -floop-flatten, -floop-interchange, -floop-strip-mine, -floop-parallelize-all, and -ftree-loop-linear. (info)
Enabled polly for Clang 3.1 on Linux and Max OS X 32-bit hosts which analyzes and optimizes memory access. (info)
Enabled -flto in GCC 4.7, 4.6, Clang 3.2 and Clang 3.1 on linux (Clang LTO via LLVMgold.so). MIPS compiler targets are not supported because ld.gold is not available.
Enabled --plugin and --plugin-opt for ld.gold in GCC 4.6/4.7.
Enabled --text-reorder for ld.gold in GCC 4.7.
Configured GNU libstdc++ with _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH which undefines the isinf script in the bionic header. For more information, see CHANGES.html.
Added APP_LDFLAGS to the build scripts. For more information, see ANDROID-MK.html.
Updated build scripts to allow NDK_LOG=0 to disable the NDK_LOG.
Updated build scripts to allow NDK_HOST_32BIT=0 to disable the host developer environment 32-bit toolchain.
Changed the default GCC/X86 flags -march= and -mtune= from pentiumpro and generic to i686 and atom.
Enhanced toolchain build scripts:
Fixed a race condition in build-gcc.sh for the mingw build type which was preventing a significant amount of parallel build processing.
Updated build-gabi++.sh and build-stlport.sh so they can now run from the NDK package. (Issue 52835)
Fixed run-tests.sh in the MSys utilities collection.
Improved 64-bit host toolchain and Canadian Cross build support.
Updated build-mingw64-toolchain.sh script to more recent version.
Added option to build libgnustl_static.a and stlport_static.a without hidden visibility.

New in Android NDK Revision 8d (Dec 21, 2012)

Added the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.7 compiler to the NDK. The GCC 4.6 compiler is still the default, so you must to explicitly enable the new version as follows:
For ndk-build, export the NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.7 variable or add it to Application.mk.
For standalone builds, add the --toolchain= option to make-standalone-toolchain.sh
Added stlport exception support via gabi++. Note that the new gabi++ depends on dlopen and related code, meaning that:
You can no longer build a static executable using the -static option or include libstlport_static.a using APP_STL := stlport_static. (You can still use the -static option with a standalone toolchain.) Compiling a dynamic executable using include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE) continues to work because the compiler automatically adds the -ldl option.
If your project links using -nostdlib and {-Wl,--no-undefined}, you must manually include the -ldl option.
Added a -mstack-protector-guard= option for x86 to choose between a global default path which is compatible with older Android C library (bionic) and a new tls path (%gs:20) for -fstack-protector, -fstack-protector-all and -fstack-protector-strong using the GCC 4.6 and higher compilers.
Added android_setCpu() function to sources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.c for use when auto-detection via /proc is not possible in Android 4.1 and higher. (Chromium Issue 164154)
Important bug fixes:
Fixed unnecessary rebuild of object files when using the ndk-build script. (Issue 39810)
Removed the -x c++ options from the Clang++ standalone build script. (Issue 39089)
Fixed issues using the NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1 option in Cygwin. (Issue 39585)
Fixed the make-standalone-toolchain.sh script to allow generation of a standalone toolchain using the Cygwin or MinGW environments. The resulting toolchain can be used in Cygwin, MingGW or CMD.exe environments. (Issue 39915, Issue 39585)
Added missing SL_IID_ANDROIDBUFFERQUEUESOURCE option in android-14 builds for ARM and X86. (Issue 40625)
Fixed x86 CPU detection for the ANDROID_CPU_X86_FEATURE_MOVBE feature. (Issue 39317)
Fixed an issue preventing the Standard Template Library (STL) from using C++ sources that do not have a .cpp file extension.
Fixed GCC 4.6 ARM internal compiler error at reload1.c:1061. (Issue 20862)
Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error at emit-rtl.c:1954. (Issue 22336)
Fixed GCC 4.4.3 ARM internal compiler error at postreload.c:396. (Issue 22345)
Fixed problem with GCC 4.6/4.7 skipping lambda functions. (Issue 35933)
Other bug fixes:
NDK header file fixes:
Fixed __WINT_TYPE__ and wint_t to be the same type.
Corrected typo in android/bitmap.h. (Issue 15134)
Corrected typo in errno.h.
Added check for the presence of __STDC_VERSION__ in sys/cdefs.h. (Issue 14627)
Reorganized headers in byteswap.h and dirent.h.
Fixed limits.h to include page.h which provides PAGE_SIZE settings. (Issue 39983)
Fixed return type of glGetAttribLocation() and glGetUniformLocation() from int to GLint.
Fixed __BYTE_ORDER constant for x86 builds. (Issue 39824)
Fixed ndk-build script to not overwrite -Os with -O2 for ARM builds.
Fixed build scripts to allow overwriting of HOST_AWK, HOST_SED, and HOST_MAKE settings.
Fixed issue for ld.gold on fsck_msdos builds linking objects built by the Intel C/C++ compiler (ICC).
Fixed ARM EHABI support in Clang to conform to specifications.
Fixed GNU Debugger (GDB) to shorten the time spent on walking the target's link map during solib events. (Issue 38402)
Fixed missing libgcc.a file when linking shared libraries.
Other changes:
Backported 64-bit built-in atomic functions for ARM to GCC 4.6.
Added documentation for audio output latency, along with other documentation and fixes.
Fixed debug builds with Clang so that non-void functions now raise a SIGILL signal for paths without a return statement.
Updated make-standalone-toolchain.sh to accept the suffix -clang3.1 which is equivalent to adding --llvm-version=3.1 to the GCC 4.6 toolchain.
Updated GCC and Clang bug report URL to: http://source.android.com/source/report-bugs.html
Added ARM ELF support to llvm-objdump.
Suppressed treating c input as c++ warning for Clang builds.
Updated build so that only the 32-bit version of libiberty.a is built and placed in lib32/.

New in Android NDK Revision 8c (Nov 14, 2012)

Important changes:
Added the Clang 3.1 compiler to the NDK. The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.6 is still the default, so you must explicitly enable the Clang compiler option as follows
For ndk-build, export NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=clang3.1 or add this environment variable setting to Application.mk.
For standalone builds, add --llvm-version=3.1 to make-standalone-toolchain.sh and replace CC and CXX in your makefile with /bin/clang and /bin/clang++.
Added Gold linker ld.gold for the Windows toolchain. Gold linker is also the default for ARM and X86 on all hosts. You may override it to use the ld.bfd linker by adding LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -fuse-ld=bfd to Android.mk, or by passing -fuse-ld=bfd to the g++/clang++ command line that does the linking.
Added checks for spaces in the NDK path to the ndk-build[.cmd] and ndk-gdb scripts, to prevent build errors that are difficult to diagnose.
Made the following changes to API level handling
Modified build logic so that projects that specify android-10 through android-13 in APP_PLATFORM, project.properties or default.properties link against android-9 instead of android-14.
Updated build so that executables using android-16 (Jelly Bean) or higher are compiled with the -fPIE option for position-independent executables (PIE). A new APP_PIE option allows you to control this behavior.
Updated the cpu-features helper library to include more ARM-specific features. See sources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.h for details.
Modified the long double on the X86 platform to be 8 bytes. This data type is now the same size as a double, but is still treated as a distinct type.
Updated build for APP_ABI=armeabi-v7a
Modified this build type to pass the -march=armv7-a parameter to the linker. This change ensures that v7-specific libraries and crt*.o are linked correctly.
Added -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 to ndk-build instead of the -mfpu=vfp option used in previous releases.
Important bug fixes:
Fixed an issue where running make-standalone-toolchain.sh with root privileges resulted in the stand alone tool chain being inaccessible to some users.
All files and executables in the NDK release package are set to have read and execute permissions for all.
The ownership/group of libstdc++.a is now preserved when copied.
Removed redundant \r from Windows prebuilt echo.exe. The redundant \r caused gdb.setup to fail in the GNU Debugger (GDB) because it incorrectly became part of the path.
Fixed Windows parallel builds that sometimes failed due to timing issues in the host-mkdir implementation.
Fixed GCC 4.4.3 GNU libstdc++ to not merge typeinfo names by default. For more details, see toolchain repo gcc/gcc-4.4.3/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/typeinfo.
Fixed problem on null context in GCC 4.6 cp/mangle.c::write_unscoped_name, where GCC may crash when the context is null and dereferenced in TREE_CODE.
Fixed GCC 4.4.3 crashes on ARM NEON-specific type definitions for floats. Fixed the STLport internal _IteWrapper::operator*() implementation where a stale stack location holding the dereferenced value was returned and caused runtime crashes.
ARM-specific fixes
Fixed ARM GCC 4.4.3/4.6 g++ to not warn that the mangling of was changed in GCC 4.4. The workaround using the -Wno-psabi switch to avoid this warning is no longer required.
Fixed an issue when a project with .arm or .neon suffixes in LOCAL_SRC_FILES also used APP_STL. With APP_STL, the ndk-build script searches for C++ files in LOCAL_SRC_FILES before adding STL header/lib paths to compilation. Modified ndk-build to filter out .arm and .neon suffixes before the search, otherwise items in LOCAL_SRC_FILES like myfile.cpp.arm.neon won't be compiled as C++ code.
Fixed binutils-2.21/ld.bfd to be capable of linking object from older binutils without tag_FP_arch, which was producing assertion fail error messages in GNU Binutils.
Removed Unknown EABI object attribute 44 warning when binutils-2.19/ld links prebuilt object by newer binutils-2.21
Fixed an issue in GNU stdc++ compilation with both -mthumb and -march=armv7-a, by modifying make-standalone-toolchain.sh to populate headers/libs in sub-directory armv7-a/thumb.
Fixed unresolvable R_ARM_THM_CALL relocation error.
Fixed internal compiler error at reload1.c:3633, caused by the ARM back-end expecting the wrong operand type when sign-extend from char.
Fixed internal compiler error with negative shift amount.
Fixed -fstack-protector for X86, which is also the default for the ndk-build x86 ABI target.
MIPS-specific fixes
Fixed STLport endian-ness by setting _STLP_LITTLE_ENDIAN to 1 when compiling MIPS libstlport_*.
Fixed GCC __builtin_unreachable issue when compiling LLVM. (GCC Issue 54369)
Backported fix for cc1 compile process consuming 100% CPU.
GNU Debugger-specific fixes
Disabled Python support in gdb-7.x at build, otherwise the gdb-7.x configure function may pick up whatever Python version is available on the host and build gdb with a hard-wired dependency on a specific version of Python.
Fixed ndk-gdb when APP_ABI contains all and matchs none of the known architectures.
Fixed Windows pathname support, by keeping the : character if it looks like it could be part of a Windows path starting with a drive letter.
Fixed adding of hardware breakpoint support for ARM in gdbserver.
Added fix to only read the current solibs when the linker is consistent. This change speeds up solib event handling.
Added fix to make repeated attempts to find solib breakpoints. GDB now retries enable_break() during every call to svr4_current_sos() until it succeeds.
Fixed an issue where gdb would not stop on breakpoints placed in dlopen-ed libraries.
Fixed SIGILL in dynamic linker when calling dlopen(), on system where /system/bin/linker is stripped of symbols and rtld_db_dlactivity() is implemented as Thumb, due to not preserving LSB of sym_addr.
Other bug fixes:
Fixed NDK headers
Fixed arch-mips/include/asm/* code that was incorrectly removed from original kernel. (Change 43335)
Replaced struct member data __unused with __linux_unused in linux/sysctl.h and linux/icmp.h to avoid conflict with #define __unused in sys/cdefs.h.
Fixed fenv.h for enclosed C functions with __BEGIN_DECLS and __END_DECLS.
Removed unimplemented functions in malloc.h.
Fixed stdint.h defintion of uint64_t for ANSI compilers. (Issue 1952)
Fixed preprocessor macros in /include/machine/*.
Replaced link.h for MIPS with new version supporting all platforms.
Removed linux-unistd.h
Move GLibc-specific macros LONG_LONG_MIN, LONG_LONG_MAX and ULONG_LONG_MAX from to .
Fixed a buffer overflow in ndk-stack-parser.
Fixed _STLP_USE_EXCEPTIONS, when not defined, to omit all declarations and uses of __Named_exception. Compiling and use of __Named_exception settings only occurs when STLport is allowed to use exceptions.
Fixed building of Linux-only NDK packages without also building Windows code.
Fixed libc.so so it does not export atexit() and __do_handler. These symbols are exported for ARM builds by the system version of the C library to support legacy native libraries. NDK-generated should never reference them directly. Instead, each shared library or executable should embed its own version of these symbols, provided by crtbegin_*.o. If your project is linked with the -nostdlib -Wl,--no-undefined options, you must provide your own __dso_handle because crtbegin_so.o is not linked in this case. The content of __dso_handle does not matter
Fixed symbol decoder for ARM used in objdump for plt entries to generate a more readable form function@plt.
Removed the following symbols, introduced in GCC 4.6 libgcc.a, from the X86 platform libc.so library: __aeabi_idiv0, __aeabi_ldiv0, __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1, and __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2.
Removed unused .ctors, .dtors, and .eh_frame in MIPS crt*_so.S.
Updated ndk-gdb so that it only takes the last line of output for ndk-build DUMP_XXXX. This change ensures that if Application.mk or Android.mk print something with $(info ...) syntax, it does not get injected into the result of DUMP_XXXX.
Other changes:
Removed arch-x86 and arch-mips headers from platforms/android-[3,4,5,8]. Those headers were incomplete, since both X86 and MIPS ABIs are only supported at API 9 or higher.
Simplified c++ include path in standalone packages
Fixed ndk-build to recognize more C++ file extensions by default: .cc .cp .cxx .cpp .CPP .c++ .C. You may still use LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION to overwrite these extension settings.
Fixed an issue in samples/san-angeles that caused a black screen or freeze frame on re-launch.
Replaced deprecated APIs in NDK samples.
hello-gl2 from android-5 to android-7
native-activity from android-9 to android-10
native-audio from android-9 to android-10
native-plasma from android-9 to android-10
Added new branding for Android executables with a simpler scheme in section .note.android.ident (defined in crtbegin_static/dynamic.o) so that debugging tools can act accordingly. The previous branding options in section .note.ABI-tag are deprecated.
Added a new script run-tests-all.sh which calls run-tests.sh and standalone/run.sh with various conditions. The script run-tests.sh runs without the --abi option, and is enhanced to compile most of the tests for all supported ABIs and run on all attached devices

New in Android NDK Revision 8b (Jul 19, 2012)

Important bug fixes:
Fixed LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS issues on Mac OS, Windows Cygwin environments for static libraries. List file generation is faster, and it is not regenerated to avoid repeated project rebuilds.
Fixed several issues in ndk-gdb
Updated tool to pass flags -e, -d and -s to adb more consistently.
Updated tool to accept device serial names containing spaces.
Updated tool to retrieve /system/bin/link information, so gdb on the host can set a breakpoint in __dl_rtld_db_dlactivity and be aware of linker activity (e.g., rescan solib symbols when dlopen() is called).
Fixed ndk-build clean on Windows, which was failing to remove ./libs/*/lib*.so.
Fixed ndk-build.cmd to return a non-zero ERRORLEVEL when make fails.
Fixed libc.so to stop incorrectly exporting the __exidx_start and __exidx_end symbols.
Fixed SEGV when unwinding the stack past __libc_init for ARM and MIPS.
Important changes:
Added GCC 4.6 toolchain (binutils 2.21 with gold and GDB 7.3.x) to co-exist with the original GCC 4.4.3 toolchain (binutils 2.19 and GDB 6.6).
GCC 4.6 is now the default toolchain. You may set NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.4.3 in Android.mk to select the original one.
Support for the gold linker is only available for ARM and x86 architectures on Linux and Mac OS hosts. This support is disabled by default. Add LOCAL_C_FLAGS += -fuse-ld=gold in Android.mk to enable it.
Programs compiled with -fPIE require the new GDB for debugging, including binaries in Android 4.1 (API Level 16) system images.
The binutils 2.21 ld tool contains back-ported fixes from version 2.22
Fixed ld --gc-sections, which incorrectly retains zombie references to external libraries. (more info).
Fixed ARM strip command to preserve the original p_align and p_flags in GNU_RELRO section if they are valid. Without this fix, programs built with -fPIE could not be debugged.
Disabled sincos() optimization for compatibility with older platforms.
Updated build options to enable the Never eXecute (NX) bit and relro/bind_now protections by default:
Added --noexecstack to assembler and -z noexecstack to linker that provides NX protection against buffer overflow attacks by enabling NX bit on stack and heap.
Added -z relro and -z now to linker for hardening of internal data sections after linking to guard against security vulnerabilities caused by memory corruption. (more info: 1, 2)
These features can be disabled using the following options
Disable NX protection by setting the --execstack option for the assembler and -z execstack for the linker.
Disable hardening of internal data by setting the -z norelro and -z lazy options for the linker.
Disable these protections in the NDK jni/Android.mk by setting the following options -
LOCAL_DISABLE_NO_EXECUTE=true # disable "--noexecstack" and "-z noexecstack"
DISABLE_RELRO=true # disable "-z relro" and "-z now"
Added branding for Android executables with the .note.ABI-tag section (in crtbegin_static/dynamic.o) so that debugging tools can act accordingly.
Other bug fixes:
Fixed mips-linux-gnu relocation truncated to fit R_MIPS_TLS_LDM issue.
Fixed ld tool segfaults when using --gc-sections.
Fixed MIPS GOT_PAGE counting issue.
Fixed follow warning symbol link for mips_elf_count_got_symbols.
Fixed follow warning symbol link for mips_elf_allocate_lazy_stub.
Moved MIPS .dynamic to the data segment, so that it is writable.
Replaced hard-coded values for symbols with correct segment sizes for MIPS.
Removed the -mno-shared option from the defaults in the MIPS toolchain. The default for Android toolchain is -fPIC (or -fpic if supported). If you do not explicitly specify -mshared, -fpic, -fPIC, -fpie, or -fPIE, the MIPS compiler adds -mno-shared that turns off PIC. Fixed compiler not to add -mno-shared in this case.
Fixed wrong package names in samples hello-jni and two-libs so that the tests project underneath it can compile.
Other Changes:
Changed locations of binaries
Moved gdbserver from toolchain//prebuilt/gdbserver to prebuilt/android-/gdbserver/gdbserver.
Renamed x86 toolchain prefix from i686-android-linux- to i686-linux-android-.
Moved sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/include and lib to sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6 when compiled with GCC 4.6, or sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.4.3 when compiled with GCC 4.4.3.
Moved libbfd.a and libintl.a from lib/ to lib32/.
Added and improved various scripts in the rebuild and test NDK toolchain
Added build-mingw64-toolchain.sh to generate a new Linux-hosted toolchain that generates Win32 and Win64 executables.
Improved speed of download-toolchain-sources.sh by using the clone command and only using checkout for the directories that are needed to build the NDK toolchain binaries.
Added build-host-gcc.sh and build-host-gdb.sh scripts.
Added tests/check-release.sh to check the content of a given NDK installation directory, or an existing NDK package.
Rewrote the tests/standalone/run.sh standalone tests .

New in Android NDK Revision 8 (Jun 28, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 7c (Apr 10, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 7b (Apr 10, 2012)

Important bug fixes:
Updated sys/atomics.h to avoid correctness issues on some multi-core ARM-based devices. Rebuild your unmodified sources with this version of the NDK and this problem should be completely eliminated. For more details, read docs/ANDROID-ATOMICS.html.
Reverted to binutils 2.19 to fix debugging issues that appeared in NDK r7 (which switched to binutils 2.20.1).
Fixed native Windows build (ndk-build.cmd). Other build modes were not affected. The fixes include
Removed an infinite loop / stack overflow bug that happened when trying to call ndk-build.cmd from a directory that was not the top of your project path (e.g., in any sub-directory of it).
Fixed a problem where the auto-generated dependency files were ignored. This meant that updating a header didn't trigger recompilation of sources that included it.
Fixed a problem where special characters in files or paths, other than spaces and quotes, were not correctly handled.
Fixed the standalone toolchain to generate proper binaries when using -lstdc++ (i.e., linking against the GNU libstdc++ C++ runtime). You should use -lgnustl_shared if you want to link against the shared library version or -lstdc++ for the static version.
Fixed gnustl_shared on Cygwin. The linker complained that it couldn't find libsupc++.a even though the file was at the right location.
Fixed Cygwin C++ link when not using any specific C++ runtime through APP_STL.
Other changes:
When your application uses the GNU libstdc++ runtime, the compiler will no longer forcibly enable exceptions and RTTI. This change results in smaller code.
If you need these features, you must do one of the following
Enable exceptions and/or RTTI explicitly in your modules or Application.mk. (recommended)
Define APP_GNUSTL_FORCE_CPP_FEATURES to 'exceptions', 'rtti' or both in your Application.mk.
ndk-gdb now works properly when your application has private services running in independent processes. It debugs the main application process, instead of the first process listed by ps, which is usually a service process.
Fixed a rare bug where NDK r7 would fail to honor the LOCAL_ARM_MODE value and always compile certain source files (but not all) to 32-bit instructions.
stlport: Refresh the sources to match the Android platform version. This update fixes a few minor bugs
Fixed instantiation of an incomplete type
Fixed minor "==" versus "=" typo
Used memmove instead of memcpy in string::assign
Added better handling of IsNANorINF, IsINF, IsNegNAN, etc.
stlport: Removed 5 unnecessary static initializers from the library.
The GNU libstdc++ libraries for armeabi-v7a were mistakenly compiled for armeabi instead. This change had no impact on correctness, but using the right ABI should provide slightly better performance.
The cpu-features helper library was updated to report three optional x86 CPU features (SSSE3, MOVBE and POPCNT).
docs/NDK-BUILD.html was updated to mention NDK_APPLICATION_MK instead of NDK_APP_APPLICATION_MK to select a custom Application.mk file.
Cygwin: ndk-build no longer creates an empty "NUL" file in the current directory when invoked.
Cygwin: Added better automatic dependency detection. In the previous version, it didn't work properly in the following cases
When the Cygwin drive prefix was not /cygdrive.
When using drive-less mounts, for example, when Cygwin would translate /home to \\server\subdir instead of C:\Some\Dir.
Cygwin: ndk-build does not try to use the native Windows tools under $NDK/prebuilt/windows/bin with certain versions of Cygwin and/or GNU Make.

New in Android NDK Revision 7 (Nov 12, 2011)

New features:
Added official NDK APIs for Android 4.0 (API level 14), which adds the following native features to the platform:
Added native multimedia API based on the Khronos Group OpenMAX AL™ 1.0.1 standard. The new and headers allow applications targeting API level 14 to perform multimedia output directly from native code by using a new Android-specific buffer queue interface. For more details, see docs/openmaxal/index.html and http://www.khronos.org/openmax/.
Updated the native audio API based on the Khronos Group OpenSL ES 1.0.1 standard. With API Level 14, you can now decode compressed audio (e.g. MP3, AAC, Vorbis) to PCM. For more details, see docs/opensles/index.html and http://www.khronos.org/opensles/.
Added CCache support. To speed up large rebuilds, define the NDK_CCACHE environment variable to ccache (or the path to your ccache binary). When declared, the NDK build system automatically uses CCache when compiling any source file.
Added support for setting APP_ABI to all to indicate that you want to build your NDK modules for all the ABIs supported by your given NDK release.
Added a LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES variable in Android.mk that allows you to declare which C++ features (RTTI or Exceptions) your module uses. This ensures that the final linking works correctly if you have prebuilt modules that depend on these features.
Shortened paths to source and object files that are used in build commands. When invoking $NDK/ndk-build from your project path, the paths to the source, object, and binary files that are passed to the build commands are significantly shorter now, because they are passed relative to the current directory. This is useful when building projects with a lot of source files, to avoid limits on the maximum command line length supported by your host operating system. The behavior is unchanged if you invoke ndk-build from a sub-directory of your project tree, or if you define NDK_PROJECT_PATH to point to a specific directory.
Experimental features:
You can now build your NDK source files on Windows without Cygwin by calling the ndk-build.cmd script from the command line from your project path. The script takes exactly the same arguments as the original ndk-build script. The Windows NDK package comes with its own prebuilt binaries for GNU Make, Awk and other tools required by the build. You should not need to install anything else to get a working build system.
Important bug fixes:
Imported shared libraries are now installed by default to the target installation location (libs/) if APP_MODULES is not defined in your Application.mk. For example, if a top-level module foo imports a module bar, then both libfoo.so and libbar.so are copied to the install location. Previously, only libfoo.so was copied, unless you listed bar in your APP_MODULES too. If you define APP_MODULES explicitly, the behavior is unchanged.
ndk-gdb now works correctly for activities with multiple categories in their MAIN intent filters.
Static library imports are now properly transitive. For example, if a top-level module foo imports static library bar that imports static library zoo, the libfoo.so will now be linked against both libbar.a and libzoo.a.
Other changes:
docs/NATIVE-ACTIVITY.HTML: Fixed typo. The minimum API level should be 9, not 8 for native activities.
docs/STABLE-APIS.html: Added missing documentation listing EGL as a supported stable API, starting from API level 9.
download-toolchain-sources.sh: Updated to download the toolchain sources from android.googlesource.com, which is the new location for the AOSP servers.
Added a new C++ support runtime named gabi++. More details about it are available in the updated docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html.
Added a new C++ support runtime named gnustl_shared that corresponds to the shared library version of GNU libstdc++ v3 (GPLv3 license).
Added support for RTTI in the STLport C++ runtimes (no support for exceptions).
Added support for multiple file extensions in LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION.
Removed many unwanted exported symbols from the link-time shared system libraries provided by the NDK. This ensures that code generated with the standalone toolchain doesn't risk to accidentally depend on a non-stable ABI symbol (e.g. any libgcc.a symbol that changes each time the toolchain used to build the platform is changed)
Refreshed the EGL and OpenGLES Khronos headers to support more extensions. Note that this does not change the NDK ABIs for the corresponding libraries, because each extension must be probed at runtime by the client application.
The extensions that are available depend on your actual device and GPU drivers, not the platform version the device runs on. The header changes simply add new constants and types to make it easier to use the extensions when they have been probed with eglGetProcAddress() or glGetProcAddress().

New in Android NDK Revision 6b (Sep 23, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 6 (Jul 16, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 5c (Jul 16, 2011)

Important bug fixes:
ndk-build: Fixed a rare bug that appeared when trying to perform parallel builds of debuggable projects.
Fixed a typo that prevented LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES to work correctly with the new toolchain and added documentation for this in docs/ANDROID-MK.html.
Fixed a bug where code linked against gnustl_static crashed when run on platform releases older than API level 8 (Android 2.2).
ndk-gdb: Fixed a bug that caused a segmentation fault when debugging Android 3.0 or newer devices.
: Two functions that were introduced in API level 9 (Android 2.3) were incorrect and are fixed. While this breaks the source API, the binary interface to the system is unchanged. The incorrect functions were missing a history_index parameter
Updated the C library ARM binary for API level 9 (Android 2.3) to correctly expose at link time new functions that were added in that API level (for example, pthread_rwlock_init).
Minor improvements and fixes:
Object files are now always linked in the order they appear in LOCAL_SRC_FILES. This was not the case previously because the files were grouped by source extensions instead.
When import-module fails, it now prints the list of directories that were searched. This is useful to check that the NDK_MODULE_PATH definition used by the build system is correct.
When import-module succeeds, it now prints the directory where the module was found to the log (visible with NDK_LOG=1).
Increased the build speed of debuggable applications when there is a very large number of include directories in the project.
ndk-gdb: Better detection of adb shell failures and improved error messages.
: Fixed the definition of PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER for API level 9 (Android 2.3) and higher.
Fixed an issue where a module could import itself, resulting in an infinite loop in GNU Make.
Fixed a bug that caused the build to fail if LOCAL_ARM_NEON was set to true (typo in build/core/build-binary.mk).
Fixed a bug that prevented the compilation of .s assembly files (.S files were okay).

New in Android NDK Revision 5b (Jan 27, 2011)

Addresses the following problems in the r5 release:
The r5 binaries required glibc 2.11, but the r5b binaries are generated with a special toolchain that targets glibc 2.7 or higher instead. The Linux toolchain binaries now run on Ubuntu 8.04 or higher.
Fixes a compiler bug in the arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3 toolchain. The previous binary generated invalid thumb instruction sequences when dealing with signed chars.
Adds missing documentation for the "gnustl_static" value for APP_STL, that allows you to link against a static library version of GNU libstdc++.
The following ndk-build issues are fixed:
A bug that created inconsistent dependency files when a compilation error occured on Windows. This prevented a proper build after the error was fixed in the source code.
A Cygwin-specific bug where using very short paths for the Android NDK installation or the project path led to the generation of invalid dependency files. This made incremental builds impossible.
A typo that prevented the cpufeatures library from working correctly with the new NDK toolchain.
Builds in Cygwin are faster by avoiding calls to cygpath -m from GNU Make for every source or object file, which caused problems with very large source trees. In case this doesn't work properly, define NDK_USE_CYGPATH=1 in your environment to use cygpath -m again.
The Cygwin installation now notifies the user of invalid installation paths that contain spaces. Previously, an invalid path would output an error that complained about an incorrect version of GNU Make, even if the right one was installed.
Fixed a typo that prevented the NDK_MODULE_PATH environment variable from working properly when it contained multiple directories separated with a colon.
The prebuilt-common.sh script contains fixes to check the compiler for 64-bit generated machine code, instead of relying on the host tag, which allows the 32-bit toolchain to rebuild properly on Snow Leopard. The toolchain rebuild scripts now also support using a 32-bit host toolchain.
A missing declaration for INET_ADDRSTRLEN was added to .
Missing declarations for IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL and IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_GLOBAL were added to .
'asm' was replaced with '__asm__' in to allow compilation with -std=c99.

New in Android NDK Revision 5 (Dec 6, 2010)

This release of the NDK includes many new APIs, most of which are introduced to support the development of games and similar applications that make extensive use of native code. Using the APIs, developers have direct native access to events, audio, graphics and window management, assets, and storage. Developers can also implement the Android application lifecycle in native code with help from the new NativeActivity class. For detailed information describing the changes in this release, read the CHANGES.HTML document included in the downloaded NDK package.
General notes:
Adds support for native activities, which allows you to implement the Android application lifecycle in native code.
Adds native support for the following:
Input subsystem (such as the keyboard and touch screen)
Access to sensor data (accelerometer, compass, gyroscope, etc).
Event loop APIs to wait for things such as input and sensor events.
Window and surface subsystem
Audio APIs based on the OpenSL ES standard that support playback and recording as well as control over platform audio effects
Access to assets packaged in an .apk file.
Includes a new toolchain (based on GCC 4.4.3), which generates better code, and can also now be used as a standalone cross-compiler, for people who want to build their stuff with ./configure && make. See docs/STANDALONE-TOOLCHAIN.html for the details. The binaries for GCC 4.4.0 are still provided, but the 4.2.1 binaries were removed.
Adds support for prebuilt static and shared libraries (docs/PREBUILTS.html) and module exports and imports to make sharing and reuse of third-party modules much easier (docs/IMPORT-MODULE.html explains why).
Provides a default C++ STL implementation (based on STLport) as a helper module. It can be used either as a static or shared library (details and usage examples are in sources/android/stlport/README). Prebuilt binaries for STLport (static or shared) and GNU libstdc++ (static only) are also provided if you choose to compile against those libraries instead of the default C++ STL implementation. C++ Exceptions and RTTI are not supported in the default STL implementation. For more information, see docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.HTML.
Includes improvements to the cpufeatures helper library that improves reporting of the CPU type (some devices previously reported ARMv7 CPU when the device really was an ARMv6). We recommend developers that use this library to rebuild their applications then upload to Market to benefit from the improvements.
Adds an EGL library that lets you create and manage OpenGL ES textures and services.
Adds new sample applications, native-plasma and native-activity, to demonstrate how to write a native activity.
Includes many bugfixes and other small improvements; see docs/CHANGES.html for a more detailed list of changes.

Android NDK Changelog

What's new in Android NDK r25 LTS

New in Android NDK r25 (Jul 14, 2022)

New in Android NDK r23c LTS (May 29, 2022)

New in Android NDK r25 Preview (Beta 3) (Apr 27, 2022)

New in Android NDK r25 Preview (beta 2) (Mar 18, 2022)

New in Android NDK r24 (Mar 18, 2022)

New in Android NDK r23b LTS (Oct 27, 2021)

New in Android NDK r22b Stable (Mar 25, 2021)

New in Android NDK Revision 22 Stable (Jan 28, 2021)

New in Android NDK Revision 21e LTS (Jan 28, 2021)

New in Android NDK Revision 22 Beta 1 (Oct 29, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21d (Jun 11, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21c (May 31, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21b (Apr 23, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21 (Jan 15, 2020)

New in Android NDK Revision 21 Beta 2 (Nov 22, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 20b (Nov 7, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 21 Beta 1 (Oct 23, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 20 (Jun 6, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 20 Beta 3 (May 8, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 19c (Mar 15, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 19b (Feb 15, 2019)

New in Android NDK Revision 18b (Oct 15, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 18 (Sep 20, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 18 Beta2 (Aug 23, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 18 Beta1 (Jul 30, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 17 Beta 2 (Apr 17, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 17 Beta 1 (Mar 9, 2018)

New in Android NDK Revision 16b (Dec 7, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 15b (Jun 26, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 15 Beta 2 (May 19, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 14b (May 19, 2017)

New in Android NDK Revision 13 (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 12b (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 12 (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 11c (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 11b (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 11 (Oct 8, 2016)

New in Android NDK Revision 10e (May 15, 2015)

New in Android NDK Revision 10d (Dec 5, 2014)

New in Android NDK Revision 10c (Oct 18, 2014)

New in Android NDK Revision 10b (Oct 18, 2014)

New in Android NDK Revision 10 (Jul 17, 2014)

New in Android NDK Revision 9d (Mar 5, 2014)

New in Android NDK Revision 9c (Dec 20, 2013)

New in Android NDK Revision 9b (Nov 1, 2013)

New in Android NDK Revision 9 (Jul 26, 2013)

New in Android NDK Revision 8e (Mar 22, 2013)

New in Android NDK Revision 8d (Dec 21, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 8c (Nov 14, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 8b (Jul 19, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 8 (Jun 28, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 7c (Apr 10, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 7b (Apr 10, 2012)

New in Android NDK Revision 7 (Nov 12, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 6b (Sep 23, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 6 (Jul 16, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 5c (Jul 16, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 5b (Jan 27, 2011)

New in Android NDK Revision 5 (Dec 6, 2010)

New in Android NDK Revision 4b (Sep 2, 2010)

New in Android NDK Revision 4 (May 21, 2010)

New in Android NDK Revision 3 (Mar 9, 2010)

New in Android NDK Revision 2 (Mar 9, 2010)

New in Android NDK Revision 1 (Mar 9, 2010)