HEC-HMS Changelog

What's new in HEC-HMS 4.12 Beta 6

Apr 11, 2024
  • Improved Terrain Data Management
  • As of v4.12 terrain data is now managed such that there is only one copy of the terrain, and terrain-derived rasters, per terrain-projection combination. In previous versions, a copy of the terrain data, and terrain-derived rasters, was made for every basin model regardless of whether the terrain and projection were the same. This caused excessive project size on disk, most notably when many copies of the basin model were made, as is the case in forecasting.
  • The terrain and terrain-derived files are now located in <project directory>/terrain/<terrain name>/<projection index> location, unless an external reference is made. Pre-v4.12 projects will be automatically migrated, which moves the terrain file from <project directory>/terrain/<terrain name>.elevation.tif to the new terrain directory. Additionally, terrain-derived rasters are moved to the new terrain directory from the <project directory>/gis/<basin name> folder.
  • As part of the terrain data management improvements there is now an option to copy terrain data when using Project | Save As to create a copy of the project. If the copy terrain data option is selected a copy of the terrain files will be made in the new project location. If the copy terrain data option is not selected a reference will be made to the terrain files in the original project location.
  • This feature was funded by the Corps Water Management System (CWMS) National Implementation Program. Initial code and implementation was done by Tom Brauer. Testing was done by Matt Fleming, Mike Bartles, and Tom Brauer.
  • Improved Terrain Data Management when using CWMS/HEC-RTSLink to Improved Terrain Data Management when using CWMS/HEC-RTS
  • In previous versions of HEC-HMS, when extracting a "forecast" project from a "base" project within an CWMS/HEC-RTS watershed, all terrain data and terrain-derived data sets (e.g., flow direction, flow accumulation, etc.) were copied to the "forecast" project. Now, the "forecast" project will instead reference the "base" project's terrain data. This improvement will shorten the amount of time necessary to extract a new "forecast" project as well as save disk space.
  • This feature was funded by the Corps Water Management System (CWMS) National Implementation Program. Initial code and implementation was done by Mike Bartles and Tom Brauer. Testing was done by Matt Fleming, Mike Bartles, and Tom Brauer.
  • Storm Temporal Pattern and Area Reduction Function SamplingLink to Storm Temporal Pattern and Area Reduction Function Sampling
  • In v4.11 the ability to sample non-numeric parameters was added in the form of sampling precipitation gridsets. This concept has been extended in v4.12 to allow sampling of a hypothetical storm's storm pattern and area reduction function in the Uncertainty Analysis. A Parameter Value Samples paired data must be created that lists storm patterns or area reduction functions. The paired data must then be referenced as an Uncertainty Analysis parameter.
  • The image below shows the "Storm Patterns" Parameter Value Samples paired data selected in the Uncertainty Analysis component editor.
  • This feature was funded by the USACE Flood & Coastal R&D Hypothetical Storms work unit. Initial code implementation was done by Thomas Brauer and Natasha Sokolovskaya. Testing was done by Greg Karlovits.
  • In v4.11, the Ensemble Analysis compute type was created. In v4.12, the time-series types that are compatible with the Ensemble Analysis have been extended to include sediment load, sediment volume, and bulk flow. Total time-series are available for selection as well as individual grade time-series types.
  • This enhancement was funded by the SET program. Initial code implementation was done by Josh Willis. Testing was done by Dr. Jay Pak and Josh Willis.
  • Ensemble Analysis ViewerLink to Ensemble Analysis Viewer:
  • A Ensemble Analysis Viewer has been added to allow users to view ensembles computed in HEC-HMS and perform metric computes on the ensemble time series. The ensemble viewer can compute metrics as a "Single Summary Time Series", "Single Value for each Ensemble", or a Single Value Summary. The viewer can be accessed through the Tools | Ensemble Viewer. More information on the viewer is described here:
  • This feature was funded by the FIRO program. Initial code implementation and Documentation was done by David Ho. Review and Testing was completed by Josh Willis and Tom Brauer.
  • Linear Deficit and Constant Loss MethodLink to Linear Deficit and Constant Loss Method:
  • The Linear Deficit and Constant loss method is a modification of the initial constant loss method. This method accounts for changes in infiltration capacity (or potential infiltration rate) as a function of cumulative infiltration and can be applied as an event-based or continuous model. This new loss method will compute excess runoff even when the soil is not saturated if the precipitation intensity is large enough. More information can be found in the HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual, Linear Deficit and Constant Model. An example application is available in the HEC-HMS Tutorials and Guides space, Applying the Linear Deficit and Constant Loss Method.
  • This feature was funded by the HH&C General Investigation Hydrologic Studies program. Algorithm development was completed by Dr. Gerhard Schoener, SSCAFCA Senior Hydrologist, code implementation was completed by Paul Ely, and documentation and testing were completed by Gerhard Schoener, Sara Rassa, Matt Fleming Natasha Sokolovskaya, and Tamara Massong.
  • This new Uncertainty Analysis method combines the sampling methods of the Random and Specified Values methods. With this method, the sample index order will be random, based on the starting seed value, and all parameters using this sampling method will use the same index.
  • The original Specified Values method has been renamed to Specified Values - Random (Independently Random).
  • This feature was funded by the FEMA Future of Flood Risk Data initiative. Initial code implementation was completed by Daniel Black. Documentation and testing was completed by Daniel Black and Greg Karlovits.
  • Coefficient Time Series and Spatial Results:
  • Incoming shortwave (a.k.a. solar) radiation at a location can be reduced due to the surrounding terrain. These effects can lead to snow melting slower within shaded areas. While solar shading was included within previous versions of HEC-HMS, users can now visualize the computed solar shading coefficient a subbasin-average time series or as a spatial result (e.g., at each grid cell) when using either the Gridded Hybrid or Gridded Energy Budget snow methods, as shown below.

New in HEC-HMS 4.10.0 Beta 1 (Feb 1, 2022)

  • New Features:
  • Frequency Analysis Compute:
  • The new Frequency Analysis compute option in HEC-HMS is similar in nature to the existing Depth-Area Analysis framework but with a different end goal in mind. Instead of analyzing multiple points within a watershed at a single frequency, the Frequency Analysis compute option allows the user to analyze a single point over a range of different frequencies. A Frequency Analysis can have one to many ordinates defined, each with their own assigned annual exceedance probability, meteorologic model, and basin model. Currently, the analysis can be used to generate a flow frequency curve or a stage frequency curve at the point of interest.
  • Interpolated Meteorology:
  • Frequency Storm Enhancements:
  • Precipitation-Frequency Grid Importer:
  • Multiple precipitation frequency grids can now be imported to the project's grid data simultaneously from the Precipitation Frequency Grid Importer dialog. This feature also internalizes external source files for the grids by copying them to Project/data directory. To access the dialog, go to File | Import | Gridded Data | Precipitation Frequency.
  • Frequency Depths Calculator:
  • The Frequency Depths Calculator can be used to quickly calculate average precipitation depths and apply new precipitation depths at either the watershed or subbasin level.
  • User-specified depth-area reduction:
  • The frequency storm meteorologic model now allows for a User-Specified area reduction method to be applied. This new method allows the user to specify a depth area-reduction function and apply it to each of the inner durations of a frequency storm.
  • Legend, Scale Bar, and North Arrow:
  • A legend, scale bar, and north arrow can now be displayed within the desktop when a valid spatial result is selected. These options can be enabled through the View menu.
  • Time Series Plot Enhancements:
  • Initial code implementation was performed by Caleb DeChant and Bryson Spilman. Documentation was written by Mike Bartles. Testing was completed by Thomas Brauer, Matt Fleming, and Mike Bartles.
  • Brune Trap Efficiency Method:
  • The Brune's sediment trap efficiency method (Brune, 1953) was added to the reservoir sediment method. To estimate, the trapping efficiency is based on the ratio of reservoir capacity to mean annual discharge. The Brune's sediment trap efficiency method can calculate reservoir sediment trap efficiency rate using four input parameters (average annual inflow volume, reservoir capacity elevation, and two constant values (a and b) for use in the Brune curve estimation). The below figure shows the Brune's sediment trap efficiency method has been included in the list of Erosion Methods for a reservoir element. By adding Brune’s trap efficiency method in HEC-HMS, USACE local district offices can easily replace their manual excel spreadsheet to estimate the long-term reservoir siltation with HEC-HMS.
  • Dynamic Reservoir Volume Reduction Method:
  • The Dynamic reservoir volume reduction method was added to Chen's and Brune's trap efficiency methods for simulating the reservoir/debris basin volume reduction using trap efficient methods based on sediment/debris inflow from the upstream watersheds. The Dynamic reservoir volume reduction method can update the Elevation-Storage and Elevation-Area curves using two different deposition shape options (Tapered and V-shape). The below figure shows the deposition shape options included in the two sediment methods (Chen's and Brune's trap efficiency methods) for a reservoir element.
  • Simplex Optimization Improvements:
  • The Simplex optimization method received a number of enhancements that improve the parameter search process. The initial simplex used in the search is now based on the the minimum and maximum values provided by the user, as well as the initial parameter value as before. This change improves the Simplex search's coverage of the parameter value range, but requires that a thoughtful parameter range is set. It also improves the search when the optimum parameter set is at the specified minimum or maximum value. An adaptive search method was implemented that improves the stability and efficiency of the search with a larger number of parameters. It has the trade-off of potentially making an optimization trial take longer, but the search is less likely to get stuck in local minima.
  • Resume Differential Evolution Optimization:
  • The Differential Evolution solver can now pick up where it left off when the solver terminates in two situations:
  • If the solver halts without converging by running out of iterations, the user can increase the maximum number of iterations and the routine will resume the search from where it terminated, as long as the user does not change any other settings.
  • If the solver halts by converging prior to reaching the maximum number of iterations, and the user decreases the search tolerance, the routine will resume the search from where it terminated, as long as the user does not change any other settings.
  • Calibration Results Map Layer for Flow and SWE:
  • This feature aims to add new visual aids for at-a-glance assessment of the calibration state of a basin model. Computed statistical metrics, such as Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error / Standard Deviation (RSR), and Percent Bias (PBIAS), would be used as a basis to color-code each basin.
  • Bugs Fixed:
  • The Simplex Optimization would Fail to Find Reasonable HMR 52 Storm Parameters when using the Simplex Search Method
  • Sliver Polygons within the Subbasin Boundary would Generate Unreasonable Flow when Applying the HMR 52 Storm
  • Optimization Trials would Fail to Find Reasonable Storm Parameters

New in HEC-HMS 4.9 Beta 1 (May 6, 2021)

  • New Features:
  • Multiple Element Merge:
  • In previous versions of HEC-HMS, merging elements was limited to two elements at a time. The merge logic has been updated so that the number of elements that can be merged is unrestricted. To be eligible for merge, the elements must be of the same type and contiguous in hydrologic order. In the images below, the image on the left shows multiple elements selected for merge. The image on the right shows the resultant delineation after merging.
  • Automated Forecast:
  • An automated forecast option has been added that automatically pulls data from the web, and generates a continuous forecast with look back period data and forecast period data. The automated forecast option is built to be extensible but currently only references data sources for the Continental United States. To run the automated forecast, you must have basin model with spatial elements. Subbasin elements should use a structured or unstructured discretization. The basin model should also be configured for continuous simulation.
  • The automated forecast option is available in the Forecast Alternative Manager shown below. The Forecast Alternative Manager can be accessed from Compute | Forecast Alternative Manager.
  • The automated forecast wizard is four steps. In the wizard the user selects a name for the forecast, the basin model for the forecast, look back period data, and forecast period data. The image below shows step four of the wizard where forecasting data is selected. The look back and forecast data is automatically merged in order of precedence.
  • Output Control:
  • Output control options now include minimal, all, and selected. If the minimal option is selected, only the minimum output required by HEC-HMS will be written. If the all option is selected, all time-series results will be written. If the selected option is selected, the user can specify which time-series will be written, and select the output interval for the written results. The output control option is available for all compute types. The output control selection on the simulation run component editor is shown below.
  • The image below shows the custom output editor. The custom output editor is available by selecting the settings icon next to the output selection. Time-series output can be controlled for each element and time-series-type combination. There are table filters for element and time-series type.
  • Generalized Meteorologic Processes
  • In previous versions of the program, some meteorologic boundary conditions were treated as a modeling method, while others were treated as input to a modeling method. In the example below air temperature and windspeed are selected as parameters to the Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration modeling method.
  • The meteorologic model has been generalized so that all meteorologic process are treated as a modeling method. In the example below, modeling methods have been enabled for air temperature and windspeed. These will be used as inputs to the Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration method.
  • Normalizer Utility:
  • The Vortex's Normalizer has been integrated into HEC-HMS as the Grid Normalizer Utility. Its main purpose is to scale the source grid by the ratio of the value of the accumulated normals grid cell value over the normalization period, divided by the value of the accumulated source grid cell value over the normalization period. This tool is accessible by navigating to Tools | Data | Normalizer...
  • Generalized Extreme Value Distribution:
  • The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was added to the Uncertainty Analysis - Simple Distribution list of distributions. It is mainly intended to be used with precipitation parameters, especially the Hypothetical Storm Point Depth parameter
  • Constant Value Error Term - Regression With Additive Error:
  • A "constant value" option was added to the distribution choices for the Regression With Additive Error sampling method in the Uncertainty Analysis. This allows the user to specify a completely deterministic relationship between two variables in the sampling scheme. Typically, the constant value will be zero, but the user may specify any value. An example is shown below that ensures, for a single subbasin, the time of concentration (which is controlled by a Simple Distribution method sampler) and the storage coefficient will always be related using the following equation: Rtc+R=0.5.
  • Additional Baseflow Parameters Available in Uncertainty Analysis:
  • Parameters for the Linear Reservoir layer fractions were added to the Uncertainty Analysis so that the user can simulate the effects of flow being split between the various groundwater layers. The layer fractions must add up to a value between zero and one, so care must be taken in sampling these values. It is recommended to use the Specified Values sampling method for these parameters to ensure this inequality holds. Alternatively, using the beta distribution paired with the regression with additive error and constant value epsilon term can ensure the fractions add up to a constant value.
  • The Linear Reservoir baseflow method was expanded to include a third layer in version 4.4; however, its parameters were not made available to the Uncertainty Analysis. In this release, the Groundwater 3 coefficient, number of steps, fraction, and initial condition are available for use in the Uncertainty Analysis
  • Default Behavior when File is Missing:
  • In previous versions of the program, if a shared component file were missing, the file path would be automatically changed to the project DSS file. This causes computes to fail at runtime but would introduce confusion when trying to determine to the original file. In this version, the default behavior has been changed so that the path to the missing file is maintained. The compute will fail at runtime, as it should, but the path to the original file will be more obvious to the user.
  • Missing file references typically occur when file references are made external to the HEC-HMS project. This practice is discouraged by the HEC-HMS team. A data directory has been added to the HEC-HMS project directory. This location is intended to house data that is referenced by the HEC-HMS project.
  • 2D Diffusion Wave Transform Enhancements
  • Both the HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS team make continual improvements to the shared 2D Solver and this release contains the latest rollup of fixes and improvements. These changes were made to improve computational speed, stability, and accuracy of the 2D results. As such, you may notice subtle changes in hydraulic results, most notably to stage hydrographs. Please see the latest HEC-RAS v6.0 release notes for further details.
  • Bugs FixedLink to
  • Bugs Fixed:
  • The following bugs were present in previous versions and have been fixed within version 4.9.
  • Subbasin and Reach Characteristics Not Sorted Correctly
  • When initially computing subbasin and/or reach characteristics, the resulting list of characteristics wasn't sorted using hydrologic order though it was reported as such. Logic was added to automatically sort the list of characteristics in hydrologic order.
  • Outflow for Normal Depth Reach Routing Method Equal to Zero
  • When using the Normal Depth reach routing method and the initial flow value was equal to zero, all subsequent values were set equal to zero regardless of the inflow

New in HEC-HMS 4.8 Build 15234 (Apr 8, 2021)

  • Bugs Fixed:
  • Sample project extract from Help | Install Sample Projects
  • Import from projection file in Gridded Data Import Wizard
  • Grid cell file validation logic
  • Out of memory issue when Store gridded state variable results program option is turned on
  • Reach characteristics compute failure when reach name is null
  • Subbasin can-merge failure with self-intersecting polygons
  • Subbasin merge failure with self-intersecting polygons
  • Frequency storm re-compute after parameterization change
  • Green & Ampt display keys in Optimization Trial compute
  • Alphabetical sort in new global editor framework
  • Failure to launch from CAVI/HEC-WAT after successive launch attempts
  • CAVI/HEC-WAT Internet Maps issue
  • Missing Coordinate Reference System (CRS) for 2D Mesh
  • Sediment transport time series write error
  • Basin copy with structured discretization

New in HEC-HMS 4.7.1 Build 11161 (Jan 18, 2021)

  • FeaturesLink to Features:
  • Enhanced macOS distributionLink to Enhanced macOS distribution
  • HEC-HMS's macOS distribution now comes with all the necessary dependencies bundled. This alleviates the need to run a script to download the necessary dependencies, which may consume a significant portion of time. Users can now install HEC-HMS by simply downloading the .dmg installer, then drag and drop to the Application folder.
  • Bug FixesLink to Bug Fixes:
  • Special characters in project name when generating standard reportLink to Special characters in project name when generating standard report
  • When using the Standard/Statistics Report option, the program was not able to find simulation results files if they contain special characters in their filenames. A fix have been implemented to resolve that issue. This issue started with Version 4.6 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Notes and warnings control when called via the HMS command serverLink to Notes and warnings control when called via the HMS command server
  • Console output for notes and warnings can be controlled in the program settings on the messages tab. This setting was not being honored by the command server that interfaces with HEC-WAT and HEC-RTS/CWMS. A modification was made and now messages sent to the command server are controlled by the user setting. All prior versions of HEC-HMS communicated note/warning messages with HEC-WAT and HEC-RTS/CWMS, Version 4.7.1 will communicate messages based on user settings.
  • Project Save As and CWMS / HEC-WAT import missing grid cell fileLink to Project
  • Save As and CWMS / HEC-WAT import missing grid cell file
  • When using the File | Save As option, some project files were not being saved correctly. For instance, terrain files with a *.tif extension were not saved to the new project directory. This also affected the import process of HEC-HMS projects within the Corps Water Management System (CWMS) and HEC-WAT. This bug has been fixed such that the File | Save As option and the HEC-HMS import process within CWMS and HEC-WAT will now correctly write all pertinent files to the new project directory. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Grid cell file read fails when grid cell file has no extensionLink to Grid cell file read fails when grid cell file has no extension
  • In previous versions of HEC-HMS, a ModClark grid cell file could be specified as a file with no extension. This functionality was broken in v.4.7 and has been fixed in this version. A grid cell file with no extension is now assumed to be a traditional ASCII grid cell file. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Grid cell file validation fails when subbasins within the grid cell file are denoted with all capsLink to Grid cell file validation fails when subbasins within the grid cell file are denoted with all caps
  • Grid cell file validation logic was added in v.4.7. The validation logic failed when subbasins were specified in the ASCII grid cell file in all caps, i.e. "SUBBASINS" rather than "Subbasins". The logic has been updated to be case-insensitive. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1..
  • Characteristics compute fails when characteristic value is NaN or InfinityLink to
  • Characteristics compute fails when characteristic value is NaN or Infinity
  • In cases where the computed characteristics had a value NaN or Infinity, the entire compute would fail resulting in the indefinite progress bar spinning indefinitely or the characteristics table failing to populate after the progress dialog closed. This has been fixed so the resultant characteristic value of NaN or Infinity is displayed in the table (these values can be manually overwritten). This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Meteorologic model tree not updated after initializationLink to Meteorologic model tree not updated after initialization
  • When a new meteorologic model was initialized in an HEC-HMS session, only the precipitation node was added and updated in the Watershed Explorer tree. The program would have to be re-started for the tree to updated. This has been fixed so that the tree responds to updates, such as new basin model linkages to the meteorologic model. It is unknown when this issue started, it resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Tool tip settings not reflected in basin mapLink to Tool tip settings not reflected in basin map
  • The basin map tooltips program setting was ignored in lieu of displaying x, y coordinates in the tooltip when hovering over the Basin Model Map. This has been updated such that the appropriate tool tip is shown based on the selection in program settings. Currently, if None is selected, the x, y coordinates will display by default. This issue started with Version 4.4 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • Spatial Results file grows with each computeLink to Spatial Results file grows with each compute
  • When writing spatial results to disk, the results from previous simulations were not being cleared correctly. As such, the size of the spatial results file grew with each compute. A fix was instituted that deletes the existing spatial results file (e.g. *.h5 file) prior to a new compute. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • 2D Diffusion Wave spatial results visualization wet area fraction set incorrectlyLink to 2D Diffusion Wave spatial results visualization wet area fraction set incorrectly
  • When using the 2D Diffusion Wave transform method, the fraction of cells that contained surface water was not being set correctly. This bug only affected the visualization of spatial results and did not affect the actual surface water routing computations. The wet area fraction is now being set correctly when writing spatial results using the 2D Diffusion Wave transform method. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • 2D Diffusion Wave discretization erroneous error messageLink to 2D Diffusion Wave discretization erroneous error message
  • An error message was being incorrectly issued when using the 2D Diffusion Wave transform method with an incompatible baseflow method. This transform method can only be used with the None, Linear Reservoir, and/or Constant Monthly Baseflow methods. The incorrect error message led users to believe that an incompatible discretization method was being used. This bug has been fixed and the correct error message is now displayed. This issue started with Version 4.7 and is resolved with Version 4.7.1.
  • 2D Diffusion Wave ComputationsLink to 2D Diffusion Wave Computations
  • When using a Flow or Rating Curve 2D Connection within the 2D Diffusion Wave transform, face property tables were being incorrectly overwritten due to precision errors. This bug has been addressed within Version 4.7.1.
  • Both the HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS team make continual improvements to the shared 2D Solver. The Version 4.7.1 release contains the latest rollup of fixes and improvements. These changes are continuously made to improve computational speed, stability, and accuracy of the 2D results. As such, you may notice subtle changes in hydraulic results when using the 2D Diffusion Wave transform. However, the changes are expected to be very minor. Please see the latest HEC-RAS v6.0 release notes for further details. Improvements to the 2D Solver have been made since Versions 4.7 was released.

New in HEC-HMS 4.7 Build 10303 (Dec 8, 2020)

  • 2D Diffusion Wave transformLink to 2D Diffusion Wave transform:
  • The two-dimensional (2D) flow computational engine that was originally developed for use within HEC-RAS has been made available for use within HEC-HMS as a transform method. This transform method explicitly routes excess precipitation throughout a subbasin element using a combination of the continuity and momentum equations. Unlike unit hydrograph transform methods, this new transform method can be used to simulate the non-linear movement of water throughout a subbasin when exposed to large amounts of excess precipitation (Minshall, 1960).
  • Currently, only the 2D diffusion wave equations can be used within HEC-HMS. This transform method can be combined with all Canopy, Surface, and Loss methods that are currently within HEC-HMS. However, only the None, Linear Reservoir, and Constant Monthly Baseflow methods can be used with this transform method. For instance, the Deficit and Constant Loss method can be used to convert precipitation to excess precipitation, the Simple canopy method can extract infiltrated water through evapotranspiration processes, the 2D Diffusion Wave transform method can be used to route surface flow, and the Linear Reservoir baseflow method can be used to re-introduce infiltrated water as baseflow at the subbasin outlet.
  • Additionally, precipitation that does not initially infiltrate and becomes runoff can infiltrate at a later time or within another grid cell. Spatial variables specific to 2D, such as water surface elevation, hydraulic depth (computed as the volume of water within a cell / wetted area of the cell), and average velocity within a cell, can be displayed within the map. In the following image, hydraulic depth is shown throughout a subbasin that uses the 2D Diffusion Wave transform.
  • DiscretizationsLink to Discretizations:
  • The discretization method defines how a subbasin is discretized. Traditionally, the Mod Clark grid cell file has been used to define the spatially-discrete elements of a subbasin. One limitation of the Mod Clark grid cell file is that it does not use absolute spatial references. Grid cell locations are referenced from an arbitrary lower left corner. Structured and Unstructured discretizations provide spatial-awareness to spatially-discrete subbasin elements. Advantages of the spatially-aware approach include the ability to view discrete elements, the ability to sample values from other geospatial data, and the ability to visualize results for discrete elements.
  • There are four types of Discretization: Structured, Unstructured, File-Specified, and None.
  • The Structured Discretization creates a Cartesian grid within the bounds of the subbasin. The Structured Discretization gives options for Standard Hydrologic Grid (SHG) or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projections and 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, or 10000 meter grid cell sizes.
  • Unstructured Discretizations can have any coordinate reference system and the grid can be unstructured. The backing file format for an Unstructured Discretization is an HDF5 file with identical schema to HEC-RAS, such that files are interoperable. Unstructured grids can be imported from an HEC-RAS Unsteady Plan HDF file (using HEC-RAS version 5.0.7 or newer). The plan file has an extension of ".p##.hdf", where "p##" corresponds to the specific plan of interest. Unstructured grids are most commonly used with the 2D Diffusion Wave transform method.
  • File-Specified Discretizations were introduced to support the traditional Mod Clark grid cell file, but also support valid Structured Discretization and Unstructured Discretization files. When a File-Specified Discretization is used, the path to a grid-defining file is provided by the user.
  • The None Discretization represents the entire subbasin as one discrete element within the larger modeling context. This configuration is commonly referred to as a "lumped-parameter." The reality is that all discretization approaches do some amount of spatial-averaging. The amount of spatial-averaging depends on the extent of discrete elements, such as subbasin size or cell size.
  • The Punxsutawney basin model shown below uses an SHG projection with 1000 meter grid cell size for the lower subbasin and 2000 meter grid cell size for the upper subbasins.
  • Basin characteristicsLink to Basin characteristics:
  • Subbasin and reach characteristics were added to the Parameters | Characteristics menu. To calculate characteristics, the basin model must have spatial features (georeferenced subbasin and reach elements) and flow direction and flow accumulation grids must be calculated. The characteristics are calculated on-the-fly the first time a Characteristics global editor is opened. The characteristics can be re-computed by clicking the button in the lower left of the global editor and the characteristics can be manually edited as well. Characteristics are available as variables in the Expression Calculator. The image below shows subbasin characteristics for the MiddleColumbia_WY1997 basin model.
  • Expanded ASCII/GeoTIFF grid supportLink to Expanded ASCII/GeoTIFF grid support:
  • The grid management framework was updated in v.4.6 to accommodate ASCII format precipitation-frequency grids. In this release, all parameter grids were updated to accept ASCII and GeoTIFF data sources in addition to the HEC-DSS format. The ASCII and GeoTIFF options were not added to gridsets, or time-series of grids, like precipitation and temperature gridsets. ASCII and GeoTIFF parameter grids can be sampled in the new Expression Calculator.
  • GIS parameter estimationLink to GIS parameter estimation:
  • An Expression Calculator has been added to facilitate parameter estimation from GIS data. The Expression Calculator can be launched from select global basin editors. This release includes an initial implementation for Deficit and Constant and Green and Ampt loss and Mod Clark, Clark, and S-Graph transform global editors. The expression calculator requires the basin model to have spatial features (georeferenced subbasin elements). In the Expression Calculator, grids and characteristics and can be used as variables. When a grid is included in the expression, a zonal average value for the feature-grid combination is used in the calculation. When a characteristic is used in the expression, the characteristic value for the feature (subbasin element) is used in the calculation.
  • Spatial results visualizationLink to Spatial results visualization:
  • A new capability to visualize computed results has been added to HEC-HMS. The following figure shows the Spatial Results toolbar along with SWE results displayed on top of the basin model. The Spatial Results toolbar includes options for selecting output results, an animation toolbar, buttons for controlling the animation, and an Animation Setting button that opens an editor with options for color ramps, scale, animation speed, and whether the animation should loop. Spatial results will only be available for simulations that have basin models with georeferenced subbasin elements. A georeferenced basin model is one where either the subbasins and reaches were delineated using the GIS tools, or one where subbasin elements were georeferenced using a shapefile (Georeference Existing Elements or Import Georeferenced Elements). Gridded spatial results cannot be visualized for subbasin elements using the ModClark file option (under the Specified File discretization method). Instead, results will be displayed as a subbasin average value when the *.mod file option is used. Gridded spatial results can be visualized for the structured, unstructured, and File-Specified *.sqlite, *.HDF5, and *.HDF discretization options.
  • Bug Fixes:
  • Reservoir storage is incorrect when using FT:FT2 or M:M2 elevation-area functionLink to Reservoir storage is incorrect when using FT:FT2 or M:M2 elevation-area function
  • This bug was incorrectly reported as fixed in v.4.4. Storage volumes and discharge were incorrect due to an incorrect unit conversion when using FT:FT2 or M:M2 as an elevation-area function in the reservoir routing method.
  • Gridded Green and Ampt: Incorrect parameterization in the component editorLink to Gridded Green and Ampt: Incorrect parameterization in the component editor
  • The Green and Ampt Loss Component Editor has two options for the initial soil moisture, Initial Deficit and Initial Content. The user must select Initial Content and Saturated Content grids when the Initial Content option is selected. The user must select an Initial Deficit grid when the Initial Deficit option is selected. There was a bug where the program required a Saturated Content grid when the Initial Deficit option was selected. Now, the program no longer requires the user to specify a Saturated Content grid when the Initial Deficit option is selected. Standard Report: Incorrect Units DisplayedLink to Standard Report: Incorrect Units Displayed
  • In the report generated by the Standard Report option, the system of units (U.S Customary or Metric) used in the basin model was not reflected in the "Global Results Summary" section of the report. Previously, only U.S Customary units were used regardless of the system of units. The bug has been fixed such that data reported is consistent with the system of units used in the basin model